End Notes

1 Hakim, A. (2004). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In Adam, M. P., et. al. (Eds.), GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle.

2 Baeza-Velasco, C., Gély-Nargeot, M. C., Pailhez, G., Vilarrasa, A., & Hakim, A. (2004). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In Adam, M. P., et al. (Eds.), GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle.

3 Baeza-Velasco, C., Gély-Nargeot, M. C., Pailhez, G., & Vilarrasa, A. B. (2013). Joint hypermobility and sport: a review of advantages and disadvantages. Current sports medicine reports, 12(5), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182a4b933 .

4 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type III and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type): Clinical description and natural history. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 175(1), 48-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31538 .

5 Bulbena, A. (2022). Anxiety: A quick immersion. Tibidabo Publishing, Inc.

6 Aubry-Rozier, B., Schwitzguebel, A., Valerio, F., Tanniger, J., Paquier, C., Berna, C., Hügle, T., & Benaim, C. (2021). Are patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder so different? Rheumatology International, 41(10), 1785-1794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04968-3 .

7 Hakim, A., & Grahame, R. (2004). Non-musculoskeletal symptoms in joint hypermobility syndrome. Indirect evidence for autonomic dysfunction? Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 43. 1194-5. 10.1093/rheumatology/keh279.

8 Ricard-Blum, S. (2011). The collagen family. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 3(1), a004978. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a004978 .

9 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017).

10 Demmler, J. C., Atkinson, M. D., Reinhold, E. J., Choy, E., Lyons, R. A., & Brophy, S. T. (2019). Diagnosed prevalence of Ehlers-Danlos yndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder in Wales, UK: a national electronic cohort study and case-control comparison. BMJ Open, 9(11), e031365. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031365

11 Kidder, L. (2018, May 22). Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: When collagen goes bad. Loma Linda University. https://drayson.llu.edu/about-news/drayson-news/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-when-collagen-goes-bad

12 Pearce, G., Bell, L., Pezaro, S., & Reinhold, E. (2023). Childbearing with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: A large international survey of outcomes and complications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(20), 6957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206957 .

13 Bulbena, A. (2022). Anxiety: A quick immersion. Tibidabo Publishing Inc.

14 Libre Texts Medicine. Lymphatic Vessel Structure. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/19:_Lymphatic_System/19.2:_Lymphatic_Vessels/19.2A:_Lymphatic_Vessel_Structure .

15 Hardy, D. (2022, October). What is lymphoedema? The Lymphoedema Support Network. https://www.lymphoedema.org/information/what-is-lymphoedema/ .

16 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2022, May 18). What Is metabolic syndrome? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome .

17 Oliver, G., et al. (2020, July). The Lymphatic Vasculature in the 21st Century: Novel functional roles in homeostasis and disease. Cell, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.039

18 Lindberg, G., & Mohammadian, G. (2023). Loose ends in the differential diagnosis of IBS-like symptoms. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1141035. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1141035 .

19 Lopetuso, L. R., Scaldaferri, F., Bruno, G., Petito, V., Franceschi, F., & Gasbarrini, A. (2015). The therapeutic management of gut barrier leaking: the emerging role for mucosal barrier protectors. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19(6), 1068-1076.

20 Bascom, R., Dhingra, R., & Francomano, C. A. (2021). Respiratory manifestations in the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 187(4), 533-548. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31953 .

21 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R, Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type III and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type): Clinical description and natural history. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 175(1), 48-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31538.

22 Hamonet, C., Schatz, P. M., Bezire, P., Ducret, L., Brissot, R. (2018). Cognitive and Psychopathological Aspects of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - Experience in a Specialized Medical Consultation. Research Advances in Brain Disorders and Therapy. DOI: 10.29011/ RABDT-104. 100004 . https://www.gavinpublishers.com/assets/articles_pdf/1525934180article_pdf97661175.pdf

23 Deodhar, A. A., & Woolf, A. D. (1994). Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and osteoporosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 53(12), 841-842. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.53.12.841-c .

24 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017).

25 Rachapudi, S. S., Laylani, N. A., Davila-Siliezar, P. A., & Lee, A. G. (2023). Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Ssyndrome. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, 34(6), 476-480. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000001002 .

26 Voermans, N. C., van Alfen, N., Pillen, S., Lammens, M., Schalkwijk, J., Zwarts, M. J., van Rooij, I. A., Hamel, B. C., & van Engelen, B. G. (2009). Neuromuscular involvement in various types of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 65(6), 687-697. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21643 .

27 Thwaites, P.A., Gibson, P.R., & Burgell, R.E. (2022, September). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: What the gastroenterologist needs to know. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 37(9):1693-1709. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15927 .

28 Demmler, J. C., Atkinson, M. D., Reinhold, E. J., Choy, E., Lyons, R. A., & Brophy, S. T. (2019). Diagnosed prevalence of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder in Wales, UK: a national electronic cohort study and case-control comparison. BMJ Open, 9(11), e031365. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031365 .

29 Herzberg, S.D., Motu’apuaka, M.L., Lambert, W., Fu, R., Brady, J., & Guise, J-M. (2017). The effect of menstrual cycle and contraceptives on acl injuries and laxity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(7). https://doi:10.1177/2325967117718781 .

30 On the other hand, numerous transgender men have commented on social media that when they began taking testosterone as part of their gender transition, their hEDS symptoms significantly abated.

31 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017).

32 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017).

33 Rogers, B. A., Chicas, H., Kelly, J. M., Kubin, E., Christian, M. S., Kachanoff, F. J., Berger, J., Puryear, C., McAdams, D. P., & Gray, K. (2023). Seeing your life story as a hero's journey increases meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(4), 752—778. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000341 .

34 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9). Updates on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31955 .

35 Cueto, I. (2022, December 12). Revenge of the gaslit patients: Now, as scientists, they’re tackling Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/12/12/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-patients-turned-researchers/ .

36 Kobayasi, T., Oguchi, M., & Asboe-Hansen, G. (1984). Dermal changes in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Clinical Genetics, 25(6), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb00490.x.

37 Weill Cornell Medicine. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). (2021, April). https://neurosurgery.weillcornell.org/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-eds

38 It is theorized that the biosynthesis of connective tissues does not function correctly in the bodies of people with hEDS, leading to insufficient quantities of collagen. This error can be rectified, at least somewhat, with supplements like polysaccharides that act as growth signaling factors to stimulate the cells to produce colalgen: Liu, L. Y., Chen, X. D., Wu, B. Y., & Jiang, Q. (2010). Influence of Aloe polysaccharide on proliferation and hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline secretion of human fibroblasts in vitro. Journal of Chinese integrative medicine, 8(3), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.3736/jcim20100310 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20226148/

39 This is the premise upon which the Cusack Protocol is based. An explanation of her theory can be found at https://www.facebook.com/groups/edsandaloe

40 Narcisi, P., Richards, A. J., Ferguson, S. D., & Pope, F. M. (1994). A family with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type III/Articular Hypermobility Syndrome has a glycine 637 to serine substitution in type III collagen. Human Molecular Genetics, 3(9), 1617-1620. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.9.1617 .

41 Courseault, J., Kingry, C., Morrison, V., Edstrom, C., Morrell, K., Jaubert, L., Elia, V., & Bix, G. (2023). Folate-dependent hypermobility syndrome: A proposed mechanism and diagnosis. Heliyon, 9(4), e15387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15387 .

42 Lyme Disease was indicated by Justin Kerbyson in the private Facebook group he founded: Rib Syndromes Connective Tissue Weakness and Hidden Autoimmune Disorders. Damage to the connective tissues of the joints by Lyme Disease is confirmed by Czupryna, P., Moniuszko, A., Czeczuga, A., Pancewicz, S., & Zajkowska, J. (2012). Ultrasonographic evaluation of knee joints in patients with Lyme disease. International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 16(4), e252-e255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.004 , among others.

43 Feced Olmos, C. M., Fernández Matilla, M., Robustillo Villarino, M., de la Morena Barrio, I., & Alegre Sancho, J. J. (2016). Joint involvement secondary to Epstein-Barr virus. Reumatologia Clinica, 12(2), 100-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2015.05.014 .

44 Estrella, E., & Frazier, P. A. (2024). Healthcare experiences among adults with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder in the United States. Disability and Rehabilitation, 46(4), 731-740, https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2023.2176554 .

45 Bulbena, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Bulbena-Cabré, A., Pailhez, G., Critchley, H., Chopra, P., Mallorquı-Bague, N., Frank, C., & Porges, S. (2017). Psychiatric and psychological aspects in the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminar on Medical Genetics 175C:237-245.

46 Bennett, S. E., Walsh, N., Moss, T., & Palmer, S. (2022). Developing a self-management intervention to manage Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS): An analysis informed by behaviour change theory. Disability and rehabilitation, 44(18), 5231-5240. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2021.1933618 .

47 Baeza-Velasco, C., Hamonet, C., Montalescot, L., & Courtet, P. (2022). Suicidal behaviors in women with the Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 26(3), 1314-1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2021.1885538.

48 These assertions of attractiveness are based upon my experience and the opinions of people I know in person and in social media groups. It might be more accurate to say that people with hEDS find people with hEDS to be attractive, but beauty is always subjective and many successful fashion models and performing artists have the physical attributes of someone with hEDS (or actually have the condition).

49 In social media groups for hEDS, people often play games of posting their own pictures and guessing how old they are — usually, for ages approximately 20-50, faces are guessed to be younger and hands are guessed to be older than their actual age.

50 Halverson, C. M. E., Clayton, E. W., Garcia Sierra, A., & Francomano, C. (2021). Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome on the diagnostic odyssey: Rethinking complexity and difficulty as a hero's journey. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 187(4), 416-424. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31935 .

51 Afrin, L. B., Self, S., Menk, J., & Lazarchick, J. (2017). Characterization of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 353(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2016.12.013 .

52 On social media and on many hEDS support websites, patients report that their experience of suffering with hEDS symptoms has increased their ability to feel empathy; some have suggested that people with hEDS are more empathetic to start with.

53 Hamonet C, Schatz PM, Bezire P, Ducret L, & Brissot R (2018) Cognitive and psychopathological aspects of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - Experience in a specialized medical consultation. Research Advances in Brain Disorders and Therapy. RABDT-104. https://doi.org/10.29011/ RABDT-104. 100004 .

54 Bulbena, A. (2022). Anxiety: A quick immersion. Tibidabo Publishing, Inc.

55 Bulbena, A. (2022).

56 Bulbena, A. (2022).

57 Hamonet C, Schatz PM, Bezire P, Ducret L, & Brissot R (2018)

58 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9). Updates on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31955 .

59 Halverson, C. M. E., Clayton, E. W., Garcia Sierra, A., & Francomano, C. (2021).

60 Baeza-Velasco, C., Hamonet, C., Montalescot, L., & Courtet, P. (2022). Suicidal behaviors in women with the Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 26(3), 1314-1326. .

61 Atwell, K., Michael, W., Dubey, J., James, S., Martonffy, A., Anderson, S., Rudin, N., & Schrager, S. (2021, July). Diagnosis and management of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders in primary care. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 34(4) 838-848. http://doi.org//10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200374 .

62 Casanova, E. L., Baeza-Velasco, C., Buchanan, C. B., & Casanova, M. F. (2020). The Relationship between autism and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040260 .

63 Malfait, F., Francomano, C., Byers, P., Belmont, J., Berglund, B., Black, J., Bloom, L., Bowen, J. M., Brady, A. F., Burrows, N. P., Castori, M., Cohen, H., Colombi, M., Demirdas, S., De Backer, J., De Paepe, A., Fournel-Gigleux, S., Frank, M., Ghali, N., Giunta, C., … Tinkle, B. (2017). The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 175(1), 8-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 .

64 Halverson, C. M. E., Cao, S., Perkins, S. M., & Francomano, C. A. (2003). Comorbidity, misdiagnoses, and the diagnostic odyssey in patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genetics in Medicine Open, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gimo.2023.100812.

65 Halverson, C. M. E., Cao, S., Perkins, S. M., & Francomano, C. A. (2003).

66 Diagnostic Criteria for Paediatric Joint Hypermobility: from Tofts, L.J., Simmonds, J., Schwartz, S.B., et al. (2023). Pediatric joint hypermobility: A diagnostic framework and narrative review. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 18(104). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-023-02717-2.

67 Cueto, I. (2022, December 12). Revenge of the gaslit patients: Now, as scientists, they’re tackling Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/12/12/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-patients-turned-researchers/ .

68 Wozniak-Mielczarek, L., Osowicka, M., Radtke-Lysek, A., Drezek-Nojowicz, M., Gilis-Malinowska, N., Sabiniewicz, A., Mielczarek, M., & Sabiniewicz, R. (2022). How to distinguish marfan syndrome from marfanoid habitus in a physical examination-comparison of external features in patients with marfan syndrome and marfanoid habitus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020772 .

69 The Marfan Foundation. What are the signs of marfan syndrome. https://marfan.org/expectations/signs/ .

70 Hypermobility Syndromes Foundation. Types of HMS. https://www.hypermobility.org/types-of-hms

71 Siegel, C., Berman, J., Barbhaiya, M., & Sammaritano, L. (2022, March 1). Undifferentiated connective tissue disease — In-depth overview. Hospital for Special Surgery. https://www.hss.edu/conditions_undifferentiated-connective-tissue-disease-overview.asp#diagnosed .

72 The Ehlers-Danlos Society. What is HSD? https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/what-is-hsd/

73 Atwell, K., Michael, W., Dubey, J., James, S. Martonffy, A. Anderson, S., Rudin, N., & Schrager, S. (2021, July). Diagnosis and management of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders in primary care. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 34(4) 838-848. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200374 .

74 The International Consortium on Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Related Disorders in Association with the Ehlers-Danlos Society. Diagnostic criteria for Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/heds-diagnostic-checklist/

75 Tofts, L.J., Simmonds, J., Schwartz, S.B., et al. (2023). Pediatric joint hypermobility: A diagnostic framework and narrative review. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 18, 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-023-02717-2 .

76 Mathews L. (2011). Pain in children: Neglected, unaddressed and mismanaged. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 17(Suppl), S70-S73. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.76247 .

77 The International Consortium on Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Related Disorders in Association with the Ehlers-Danlos Society.

78 Weinhold B. (2006). Epigenetics: The science of change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(3), A160-A167. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.114-a160 .

79 Punzi, L., Galozzi, P., Luisetto, R., Favero, M., Ramonda, R., Oliviero, F., & Scanu, A. (2016). Post-traumatic arthritis: Overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation. RMD Open, 2(2), e000279. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000279 .

80 Lepley, A. S., Ly, M. T., Grooms, D. R., Kinsella-Shaw, J. M., & Lepley, L. K. (2020). Corticospinal tract structure and excitability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A DTI and TMS study. NeuroImage: Clinical, 25, 102157, ISSN 2213-1582, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102157.

81 Lepley, A. S., Ly, M. T., Grooms, D. R., Kinsella-Shaw, J. M., & Lepley, L. K. (2020).

82 Todorovic, M. (2022, April 22). Pain vs nociception | In 2 minutes!! [Video]. Dr. Matt and Dr. Mike (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD6QY5KWiko .

83 Some people call this the Fight/Flight/Freeze/Fawn Mode, lumping friending and fornicating into the category of fawning, but others feel that it is important to point out that fawning can look drastically different in different circumstances.

84 Wang, L. X., & Wang, Z. J. (2003). Animal and cellular models of chronic pain. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 55(8), 949-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00098-x .

85 Bass, E. (2012). Tendinopathy: Why the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis matters. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 5(1), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v5i1.153 .

86 Nakama, L. H., King, K. B., Abrahamsson, S., & Rempel, D. M. (2007). Effect of repetition rate on the formation of microtears in tendon in an in vivo cyclical loading model. Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 25(9), 1176-1184. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20408 .

87 Hodgson, R. J., O'Connor, P. J., & Grainger, A. J. (2012). Tendon and ligament imaging. The British Journal of Radiology, 85(1016), 1157-1172. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/34786470 .

88 Caring Medical Florida. Chronic muscle spasms and tightness can indicate you have a ligament problem, not a muscle problem. https://www.caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/chronic-muscle-spasms-tightness-can-indicate-ligament-problem-muscle-problem/ .

89 Cleveland Clinic. (2022, May 19). Endorphins. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23040-endorphins .

90 Sutton, J. (2023, March 21). Best sleeping positions for a good night’s sleep. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/best-sleeping-position#on-your-back .

91 The Cusack Protocol has not been evaluated through a scientific trial; however, Deborah Cusack has shared the scientific reasons for having chosen the supplements on the protocol. Furthermore, numerous people with hEDS have been helped by this protocol. However, it has not helped all of those who have tried it.

92 Toulabi, T., Delfan, B., Rashidipour, M., Yarahmadi, S., Ravanshad, F., Javanbakht, A., & Almasian, M. (2022). The efficacy of olive leaf extract on healing herpes simplex virus labialis: A randomized double-blind study. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 18(3), 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2021.01.003 .

93 Salamanca, A., Almodóvar, P., Jarama, I., González-Hedström, D., Prodanov, M., & Inarejos-García, A. M. (2021). Anti-influenza virus activity of the elenolic acid rich olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract Isenolic®. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy, 29, 20402066211063391. https://doi.org/10.1177/20402066211063391 .

94 Abdelgawad, S. M., Hassab, M. A. E., Abourehab, M. A. S., Elkaeed, E. B., & Eldehna, W. M. (2022). Olive leaves as a potential phytotherapy in the treatment of covid-19 disease; A mini-review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 879118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.879118 .

95 Brazier, Y. (2017, July 25). Hot or cold: Which therapy works best? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/29108 .

96 Ruiz-Sánchez, F. J., Ruiz-Muñoz, M., Martín-Martín, J., Coheña-Jimenez, M., Perez-Belloso, A. J., Pilar Romero-Galisteo, R., & Gónzalez-Sánchez, M. (2022). Management and treatment of ankle sprain according to clinical practice guidelines: A PRISMA systematic review. Medicine, 101(42), e31087. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031087 .

97 Staiger C. (2012). Comfrey: A clinical overview. Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 26(10), 1441-1448. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4612 .

98 Brazier, Y. (2017, July 25).

99 Proksch, E., Nissen, H.-P., Bremgartner, M., & Urquhart, C. (2005). Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin. International Journal of Dermatology, 44: 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02079.x .

100 International Sports Sciences Association. (2023, March 25). Magnesium for muscle recovery: How it works & how to use it. https://www.issaonline.com/blog/post/magnesium-for-muscle-recovery-how-it-works-how-to-use-it .

101 Haleem, Z., Philip, J., & Muhammad, S. (2021). Erythema ab igne: A rare presentation of toasted skin syndrome with the use of a space heater. Cureus, 13(2), e13401. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13401.

102 Aria, A. B., Chen, L., & Silapunt, S. (2018). Erythema ab igne from heating pad use: A report of three clinical cases and a differential diagnosis. Cureus, 10(5), e2635. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2635.

103 Bervoets, D. C., Luijsterburg, P. A., Alessie, J. J., Buijs, M. J., & Verhagen, A. P. (2015). Massage therapy has short-term benefits for people with common musculoskeletal disorders compared to no treatment: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 61(3), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.05.018 .

104 Bass, E. (2012). Tendinopathy: Why the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis matters. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 5(1), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v5i1.153 .

105 Ruiz-Sánchez, F. J., Ruiz-Muñoz, M., Martín-Martín, J., Coheña-Jimenez, M., Perez-Belloso, A. J., Pilar Romero-Galisteo, R., & Gónzalez-Sánchez, M. (2022).

106 Ruiz-Sánchez, F. J., Ruiz-Muñoz, M., Martín-Martín, J., Coheña-Jimenez, M., Perez-Belloso, A. J., Pilar Romero-Galisteo, R., & Gónzalez-Sánchez, M. (2022).

107 Li, W. H., Seo, I., Kim, B., Fassih, A., Southall, M. D., & Parsa, R. (2021). Low-level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 43(3), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12698 .

108 Leyane, T. S., Jere, S. W., & Houreld, N. N. (2021). Cellular signalling and photobiomodulation in chronic wound repair. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(20):11223. doi:10.3390/ijms222011223.

109 Wan, Z., Zhang, P., Lv, L., & Zhou, Y. (2020). NIR light-assisted phototherapies for bone-related diseases and bone tissue regeneration: A systematic review. Theranostics, 10(25), 11837-11861. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.49784 .

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111 Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Lin, W., & Zhang, S. (2021). Magnesium promotes the regeneration of the peripheral nerve. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 717854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.717854 .

112 Wachholtz, A. B., Malone, C. D., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). Effect of different meditation types on migraine headache medication use. Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.), 43(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2015.1024601 .

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120 Błażowski, Ł., Majak, P., Kurzawa, R., Kuna, P., & Jerzyńska, J. (2021). A severity grading system of food-induced acute allergic reactions to avoid delay of epinephrine administration. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 127. 10.1016/j.anai.2021.04.015.

121 Galant, S. P. (1989). Allergy shots for hay fever. Postgraduate Medicine, 85(6), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11700701 .

122 Sato, S., Yanagida, N., & Ebisawa, M. (2015). Oral immunotherapy and potential treatment. Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 101, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1159/000371697 .

123 The Mast Cell Disease Society. Overview, Diagnosis, Definitions and Classification. https://tmsforacure.org/overview/ .

124 Molderings, G.J., Brettner, S., Homann, J., et al. (2011). Mast cell activation disease: A concise practical guide for diagnostic workup and therapeutic options. Journal of Hematology and Oncology, 4, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-8722-4-10 .

125 Marshall, T. J., & Piller, A. (2022, July 19). Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and its comorbidities as a co-occurring health issue in autistic people. Autism Spectrum News. https://autismspectrumnews.org/ehlers-danlos-syndrome-and-its-comorbidities-as-a-co-occurring-health-issue-in-autistic-people/ .

126 Kempuraj, D., Selvakumar, G. P., Thangavel, R., Ahmed, M. E., Zaheer, S., Raikwar, S. P., Iyer, S. S., Bhagavan, S. M., Beladakere-Ramaswamy, S., & Zaheer, A. (2017).

127 Seneviratne, S. L., Maitland, A., & Afrin, L. (2017, March 6). Mast cell disorders in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31555 .

128 Austrolasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. (2024, March). Mastocytosis and other mast cell disorders. https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergy-testing/mastocytosis .

129 Monaco, A., Choi, D., Uzun, S., et al. Association of mast-cell-related conditions with hypermobile syndromes: a review of the literature. Immunologic Research, 70, 419–431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-022-09280-1

130 Kempuraj, D., Selvakumar, G. P., Thangavel, R., Ahmed, M. E., Zaheer, S., Raikwar, S. P., Iyer, S. S., Bhagavan, S. M., Beladakere-Ramaswamy, S., & Zaheer, A. (2017). Mast cell activation in brain injury, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 703. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00703 .

131 Monaco, A., Choi, D., Uzun, S., Maitland, A., & Riley, B. (2022). Association of mast-cell-related conditions with hypermobile syndromes: A review of the literature. Immunologic Research, 70(4), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-022-09280-1 .

132 Afrin, L. B., Self, S., Menk, J., & Lazarchick, J. (2017). Characterization of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 353(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2016.12.013 .

133 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12). Mold is a major trigger of mast cell activation syndrome. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2018/03/12/mold-is-a-major-trigger-of-mast-activation-cell-syndrome/ .

134 Boyden, S. E., Desai, A., Cruse, G., Young, M. L., Bolan, H. C., Scott, L. M., Eisch, A. R., Long, R. D., Lee, C. C., Satorius, C. L., Pakstis, A. J., Olivera, A., Mullikin, J. C., Chouery, E., Mégarbané, A., Medlej-Hashim, M., Kidd, K. K., Kastner, D. L., Metcalfe, D. D., & Komarow, H. D. (2016). Vibratory urticaria associated with a missense variant in ADGRE2. The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(7), 656-663. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1500611 .

135 Jennings, S., Russell, N., Jennings, B., Slee, V., Sterling, L., Castells, M., Valent, P., & Akin, C. (2014). The Mastocytosis Society survey on mast cell disorders: patient experiences and perceptions. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice, 2(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2013.09.004 .

136 Hall, C. (2023, January 4). How can a dietitian help support those with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome? The British Dietetic Association. https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/how-can-a-dietitian-help-support-those-with-mast-cell-activation-syndrome.html .

137 Mast Cell 360. Start. https://mastcell360.com/start-here/ .

138 Smolinska, S., Winiarska, E., Globinska, A., & Jutel, M. (2022). Histamine: A mediator of intestinal disorders — A review. Metabolites, 12(10), 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100895 .

139 De Sutter, A. I., Eriksson, L., & van Driel, M. L. (2022). Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1(1), CD004976. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004976.pub4 .

140 Mandola, A., Nozawa, A., & Eiwegger, T. (2019). Histamine, histamine receptors, and anti-histamines in the context of allergic responses. LymphoSign Journal. 6(2), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.14785/lymphosign-2018-0016 .

141 Gannage, J. (2022, February 2). Medications to avoid with MCAS. Histamined. https://www.histamined.com/post/medications-to-avoid-with-mcas .

142 Thomas, L. (2019, Septe,ber 11). Long term effects of taking allergy medications. News Medical Life Sciences. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Long-Term-Effects-of-Taking-Allergy-Medications.aspx .

143 Kempuraj, D., Selvakumar, G. P., Thangavel, R., Ahmed, M. E., Zaheer, S., Raikwar, S. P., Iyer, S. S., Bhagavan, S. M., Beladakere-Ramaswamy, S., & Zaheer, A. (2017).

144 Fairweather, D., Bruno, K. A., Darakjian, A. A., Bruce, B. K., Gehin, J. M., Kotha, A., Jain, A., Peng, Z., Hodge, D. O., Rozen, T. D., Munipalli, B., Rivera, F. A., Malavet, P. A., & Knight, D. R. T. (2023). High overlap in patients diagnosed with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or Hypermobile Spectrum Disorders with fibromyalgia and 40 self-reported symptoms and comorbidities. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1096180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1096180 .

145 Dhaliwal, J. S., Rosani, A., & Saadabadi, A. (2023, August 28). Diazepam. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537022/ .

146 Gannage, J. (2022, February 2).

147 Shin, H. S., Bae, M. J., Choi, D. W., & Shon, D. H. (2014). Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract and its active compound, wogonin, inhibit ovalbumin-induced Th2-mediated response. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 19(2), 2536-2545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19022536.

148 Science Daily. (2018, April 25). Drinking baking soda could be an inexpensive, safe way to combat autoimmune disease. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180425093745.htm .

149 Fu, S., Ni, S., Wang, D., Fu, M., & Hong, T. (2019). Berberine suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic responses via regulating FcɛRI-mediated and MAPK signaling. International Immunopharmacology, 71, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.041 .

150 Akkol, E. K., Yalçin, F. N., Kaya, D., Caliş, I., Yesilada, E., & Ersöz, T. (2008). In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of some Lamium species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118(1), 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.001

151 Greaves, M.W., Yamamoto, S., & Mahzoon, B. (1976). The mast cell: Interrelationships between histamine and prostaglandins. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 1, 327-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1976.tb01438.x .

152 Greaves, M.W., Yamamoto, S., & Mahzoon, B. (1976).

153 Greaves, M.W., Yamamoto, S., & Mahzoon, B. (1976).

154 Salehi, B., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P. V. T., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Resveratrol: A double-edged sword in health benefits. Biomedicines, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6030091 .

155 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12). Mold is a major trigger of mast cell activation syndrome. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2018/03/12/mold-is-a-major-trigger-of-mast-activation-cell-syndrome/ .

156 Miller, C. S. (1996). Chemical sensitivity: Symptom, syndrome or mechanism for disease? Toxicology, 111(1-3), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(96)03393-8 .

157 Haanes, J. V., Nordin, S., Hillert, L., Witthöft, M., van Kamp, I., van Thriel, C., & Van den Bergh, O. (2020). "Symptoms associated with environmental factors" (SAEF) - Towards a paradigm shift regarding "idiopathic environmental intolerance" and related phenomena. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 131, 109955. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109955 .

158 Palmer, R. F., Dempsey, T. T., & Afrin, L. B. (2023). Chemical intolerance and mast cell activation: A suspicious synchronicity. Journal of Xenobiotics, 13(4), 704–718. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox13040045 .

159 Carnahan, J. (2017, November 13). Safe and effective detox binders that actually work. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2017/11/13/safe-effective-detox-binders/ .

160 Bagasra, O., Golkar, Z., Garcia, M., Rice, L. N., & Pace, D. G. (2013). Role of perfumes in pathogenesis of autism. Medical Hhypotheses, 80(6), 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.014 .

161 Palmer, R. F., Dempsey, T. T., & Afrin, L. B. (2023).

162 Palmer, R. F., Dempsey, T. T., & Afrin, L. B. (2023).

163 Sandström, M., Lyskov, E., Berglund, A., Medvedev, S., & Mild, K. H. (1997). Neurophysiological effects of flickering light in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 39(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199701000-00006 .

164 Belyaev, I., Dean, A., Eger, H., Hubmann, G., Jandrisovits, R., Kern, M., Kundi, M/, Moshammer, H., Lercher, P., Müller, K., Oberfeld, G., Ohnsorge, P., Pelzmann, P., Scheingraber, C., & Thill, R. (2016). EUROPAEM EMF guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Reviews on Environmental Health, 31(3), 363-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011 .

165 Palmieri, B., Corazzari, V., Vadalaʹ, M., Vallelunga, A., Morales-Medina, J. C., & Iannitti, T. (2021). The role of sensory and olfactory pathways in multiple chemical sensitivity. Reviews on Environmental Health, 36(3), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0058 .

166 Haehner A., Hummel, T., Heinritz, W., Krueger, S., Meinhardt, M., Whitcroft, K. L., Sabatowski, R., & Gossrau, G.. (2018, June 23). Mutation in Nav1.7 causes high olfactory sensitivity. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1272.

167 Andersson, L., Claeson, A. S., Nyberg, L., & Nordin, S. (2017). Short-term olfactory sensitization involves brain networks relevant for pain, and indicates chemical intolerance. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(2), Part B, 503-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.02.002.

168 Sandström, M., Lyskov, E., Berglund, A., Medvedev, S., & Mild, K. H. (1997). Neurophysiological effects of flickering light in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 39(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199701000-00006 .

169 Sandström, M., Lyskov, E., Berglund, A., Medvedev, S., & Mild, K. H. (1997).

170 Sobel, N., Prabhakaran, V., Hartley, C. A., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., Sullivan, E. V., & Gabrieli, J. D. (1999). Blind smell: brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical. Brain : A Journal of Neurology, 122 ( Pt 2), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.2.209 .

171 Meggs, W. J., & Cleveland, C. H., Jr (1993). Rhinolaryngoscopic examination of patients with the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. Archives of Environmental Health, 48(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1993.9938388 .

172 Hillert, L., Musabasic, V., Berglund, H., Ciumas, C., & Savic, I. (2007). Odor processing in multiple chemical sensitivity. Human Brain Mapping, 28(3), 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20266 .

173 Courseault, J., Kingry, C., Morrison, V., Edstrom, C., Morrell, K., Jaubert, L., Elia, V., & Bix, G. (2023). Folate-dependent hypermobility syndrome: A proposed mechanism and diagnosis. Heliyon, 9(4), e15387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15387 .

174 Gibson, P. R., Elms, A. N., & Ruding, L. A. (2003). Perceived treatment efficacy for conventional and alternative therapies reported by persons with multiple chemical sensitivity. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(12), 1498—1504. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5936 .

175 Anderson, P. (2023, December 8). Multiple chemical sensitivity: What is it & how to treat it [Video]. Dr. Paul Anderson (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Sedxm3Nq00&list=PL3Tsd5WqoummfmUrdXHzA3tS8oRCxShtG&index=19 .

176 Belyaev, I., Dean, A., Eger, H., Hubmann, G., Jandrisovits, R., Kern, M., Kundi, M., Moshammer, H., Lercher, P., Müller, K., Oberfeld, G., Ohnsorge, P., Pelzmann, P., Scheingraber, C., & Thill, R. (2016). EUROPAEM EMF guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Reviews on Environmental Health, 31(3), 363-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011 .

177 Sandström, M., Lyskov, E., Berglund, A., Medvedev, S., & Mild, K. H. (1997).

178 Segura, C. (2021, June 24). How to stop fragrance & smoke coming in from neighbors. My Chemical-Free House. https://www.mychemicalfreehouse.net/2021/06/how-to-stop-fragrance-smoke-coming-in-from-neighbours.html .

179 This is a lovely compilation of the energies for each day of the week; be sure to click through to the exercises for the day as well as the subsequent days: Devi, S. (2012, November 5). Monday: Colour of the day and other energies by Rudolf Steiner. Well Wishers Group. https://wellwishersgroup.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/monday-right-word-exercises-for-the-days-of-the-week-by-rudolf-steiner/ .

180 Gibson, P. R., Elms, A. N., & Ruding, L. A. (2003).

181 Immel, J. How to improve digestion with ayurveda's easy to digest foods. Joyful Belly. https://www.joyfulbelly.com/Ayurveda/herbal-action/Easy .

182 Maz. (2018, January 17). Warm salads for optimal wellness & digestive health. Balanced. https://balancedacupuncture.com.au/2018/01/17/warm-salads-optimal-wellness-digestive-health/ .

183 Carmody, R. N., & Wrangham, R. W. (2009). Cooking and the human commitment to a high-quality diet. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 74, 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.019 .

184 Many MCAS food lists suggest that you should eat these foods, but my Ayurveda practitioner disagreed and was right. I and numerous people I know with hyperactive immune systems such as in Allergy/MCAS/MCS have done significantly better when we stopped eating onions, garlic, and peppers.

185 Seneviratne, S. L., Maitland, A., & Afrin. L. (2017, March 6). Mast cell disorders in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31555 .

186 Schnedl, W. J., Schenk, M., Lackner, S., Enko, D., Mangge, H., & Forster, F. (2019). Diamine oxidase supplementation improves symptoms in patients with histamine intolerance. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(6), 1779-1784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00627-3.

187 Afrin, P. (2023, March 31). 5 best holistic treatments for MCAS (mast cell activation syndrome) [Video]. Dr. Paul Afrin (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q6_2wDX1i8 .

188 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12). Mold is a major trigger of mast cell activation syndrome. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2018/03/12/mold-is-a-major-trigger-of-mast-activation-cell-syndrome/ .

189 G., M. (2023, December 13). Should I use a DAO supplement? (diamine oxidase). Low Histamine Eats. https://lowhistamineeats.com/dao-supplement/ .

190 Nemati, D., Hinrichs, R., Johnson, A., Lauche, R., & Munk, N. (2024). Massage therapy as a self-management strategy for musculoskeletal pain and chronic conditions: A systematic review of feasibility and scope. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 30(4), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2023.0271 .

191 Tapping or thumping the thymus is a technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is described on this patient sheet from Seattle Children’s Hospital, “The Three Thumps.” https://www.seattlechildrens.org/globalassets/documents/for-patients-and-families/pfe/pe2256.pdf .

192 International Sports Sciences Association. (2023, March 25). Magnesium for muscle recovery: How it works and how to use it. https://www.issaonline.com/blog/post/magnesium-for-muscle-recovery-how-it-works-how-to-use-it .

193 Hartanto, A., Majeed, N. M., Lua, V. Y. Q., Wong, J., & Chen, N. R. Y. (2022). Dispositional gratitude, health-related factors, and lipid profiles in midlife: A biomarker study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 6034. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09960-w .

194 Cunha, L. F., Pellanda, L. C., & Reppold, C. T. (2019). Positive psychology and gratitude interventions: A randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584 .

195 Kubzansky, L. D., Huffman, J. C., Boehm, J. K., Hernandez, R., Kim, E. S., Koga, H. K., Feig, E. H., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Seligman, M. E. P., & Labarthe, D. R. (2018). Positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular disease: JACC health promotion series. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(12), 1382-1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.042 .

196 Tindle, H. A., Chang, Y. F., Kuller, L. H., Manson, J. E., Robinson, J. G., Rosal, M. C., Siegle, G. J., & Matthews, K. A. (2009). Optimism, cynical hostility, and incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation, 120(8), 656-662. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827642 .

197 Franco, L. S., Shanahan, D. F., & Fuller, R. A. (2017). A Review of the benefits of nature experiences: More than meets the eye. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080864 .

198 Grilli, G., & Sacchelli, S. (2020). Health benefits derived from forest: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6125. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176125 .

199 Addas, A. (2023). Impact of forestry on environment and human health: An evidence-based investigation. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1260519. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260519 .

200 Sivarajah, S., Smith, S. M., & Thomas, S. C. (2018). Tree cover and species composition effects on academic performance of primary school students. PloS One, 13(2), e0193254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193254 .

201 Sharkey, L. & Lamoreux, K. (2021, April 8). What does it mean to be touch starved? https://www.healthline.com/health/touch-starved#long-term-solutions .

202 Floyd, K. (2014). Relational and health correlates of affection deprivation. Western Journal of Communication, 78(4), 383-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2014.927071 .

203 van Raalte, L. J. & Floyd, K. (2021). Daily hugging predicts lower levels of two proinflammatory cytokines. Western Journal of Communication, 85(4), 487-506. https://doi..org/10.1080/10570314.2020.1850851 .

204 Lindqvist, P. G., Epstein, E., Nielsen, K., Landin-Olsson, M., Ingvar, C., & Olsson, H. (2016). Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death: A competing risk analysis of the melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort. Journal of Internal Medicine, 280(4), 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12496 .

205 Sandström, M., Lyskov, E., Berglund, A., Medvedev, S., & Mild, K. H. (1997). Neurophysiological effects of flickering light in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 39(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199701000-00006 .

206 Marais, S. D. (2022, November 10). The importance of play for adults. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/blog/the-importance-of-play-for-adults .

207 Vocally. (2021, April 28). https://vocally.nl/singing-and-the-vagus-nerve/ .

208 Ellis, R. J., & Thayer, J. F. (2010). Music and autonomic nervous system (dys)function. Music Perception, 27(4), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.317 .

209 Ellis, R. J., & Thayer, J. F. (2010).

210 This statement is based on my observations while treating clients at my holistic healing center, Vibrant Life, over the course of over 10 years, where I saw clients with a very wide variety of ailments who all benefited from improved health and happiness after trading their fast-paced lifestyle for a slower one. It is also backed up by this article, among others: Mateus, J. (2023, May 13). The hidden risks of rushing: Impact on health and well-being. Joana Mateus Biokinetics. https://jmbiokineticist.co.za/f/the-hidden-risks-of-rushing-impact-on-health-and-well-being .

211 Salamanca, A., Almodóvar, P., Jarama, I., González-Hedström, D., Prodanov, M., & Inarejos-García, A. M. (2021). Anti-influenza virus activity of the elenolic acid rich olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract Isenolic®. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy, 29, 20402066211063391. https://doi.org/10.1177/20402066211063391 .

212 Toulabi, T., Delfan, B., Rashidipour, M., Yarahmadi, S., Ravanshad, F., Javanbakht, A., & Almasian, M. (2022). The efficacy of olive leaf extract on healing herpes simplex virus labialis: A randomized double-blind study. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 18(3), 287—292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2021.01.003 .

213 Georgiou, N., Kakava, M. G., Routsi, E. A., Petsas, E., Stavridis, N., Freris, C., Zoupanou, N., Moschovou, K., Kiriakidi, S., & Mavromoustakos, T. (2023). Quercetin: A potential polydynamic drug. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 28(24), 8141. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248141 .

214 Horwitz, R. J. (2018). Chapter 30 - The allergic patient. In Rakel, D. (Ed.), Integrative Medicine (Fourth Edition). Elsevier, 300-309.e2, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-35868-2.00030-X .

215 Ding, Y., Che, D., Li, C., Cao, J., Wang, J., Ma, P., Zhao, T., An, H., & Zhang, T. (2019). Quercetin inhibits Mrgprx2-induced pseudo-allergic reaction via PLCγ-IP3R related Ca2+ fluctuations. International Immunopharmacology, 66, 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.025 .

216 Fu, S., Ni, S., Wang, D., Fu, M., & Hong, T. (2019). Berberine suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic responses via regulating FcɛRI-mediated and MAPK signaling. International Immunopharmacology, 71, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.041 .

217 Lesjak, M., Hoque, R., Balesaria, S., Skinner, V., Debnam, E. S., Srai, S. K., & Sharp, P. A. (2014). Quercetin inhibits intestinal iron absorption and ferroportin transporter expression in vivo and in vitro. PloS One, 9(7), e102900. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102900 .

218 Modern Neuropathy. (2019, April 18). 6 powerhouse herbs for nerve damage regeneration. https://modernneuropathy.com/6-powerhouse-herbs-for-nerve-damage/ .

219 Akkol, E. K., Yalçin, F. N., Kaya, D., Caliş, I., Yesilada, E., & Ersöz, T. (2008). In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of some Lamium species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118(1), 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.001 .

220 Bush, Z., Gildea, J., Roberts, D., & Matavelli, L. (2019). The effects of ION* gut health dietary supplement on markers of intestinal permeability and immune system function in healthy subjects: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ION* Biome. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0354/2789/t/51/assets/IONBiome_Science_Paper_White_Paper_DigitalFile.pdf .

221 Marengo, K. (2020, April 24). What is fulvic acid, and does it have benefits? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/fulvic-acid .

222 Winkler, J., & Ghosh, S. (2018). Therapeutic potential of fulvic acid in chronic inflammatory diseases and diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research, 5391014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5391014 .

223 Hou, P. W., Hsu, H. C., Lin, Y. W., Tang, N. Y., Cheng, C. Y., & Hsieh, C. L. (2015). The history, mechanism, and clinical application of auricular therapy in traditional chinese medicine. evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. eCAM, 495684. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/495684 .

224 Bernal, M., Huecker, M., Shreffler, J., Mittel, O., Mittel, J., & Soliman, N. (2021). Successful treatment for alpha gal mammal product allergy using auricular acupuncture: A case series. Medical Acupuncture, 33(5), 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2021.0010 .

225 Klimas, L. (2015, April 26). Mast cell mediators: Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Mast Attack. https://www.mastattack.org/2015/04/mast-cell-mediators-prostaglandin-d2-pgd2/ .

226 St. John’s Hospital Dermatological Society: Symposium on the Mast Cell (1976). The mast cell: Interrelationships between histamine and prostaglandins. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 1, 327.

227 Butterfield, J. H., & Weiler, C. R. (2008, November 1). Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D2 production. Intionalterna Archives of Allergy Immunology, 147(4), 338-343. https://doi.org/10.1159/000144042 .

228 Zhang, S., Grabauskas, G., Wu, X., Joo, M. K., Heldsinger, A., Song, I., Owyang, C., & Yu, S. (2013). Role of prostaglandin D2 in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal vagal afferents. American Journal Of Physiolog,. Gastrointestinal And Liver Physiology, 304(10), G908-G916. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2012 .

229 You and Your Hormones. (2017, July). Prostaglandins. https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/prostaglandins/ .

230 Habashy, J. (2020, September 16). Mastocystosis treatment and management. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1057932-treatment#d6?form=fpf .

231 Salehi, B., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P. V. T., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Resveratrol: A double-edged sword in health benefits. Biomedicines, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6030091 .

232 Chai, S. C., Davis, K., Zhang, Z., Zha, L., & Kirschner, K. F. (2019). Effects of tart cherry juice on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in older adults. Nutrients, 11(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020228 .

233 Kim, D. W., Jung, D. H., Sung, J., Min, I. S., & Lee, S. J. (2021). Tart cherry extract containing chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol inhibits the mitochondrial apoptotic cell death elicited by airborne pm10 in human epidermal keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030443 .

234 Johnston, C. S., Martin, L. J., & Cai, X. (1992). Antihistamine effect of supplemental ascorbic acid and neutrophil chemotaxis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 11(2), 172—176.

235 Clemetson, C. A. (1980). Histamine and ascorbic acid in human blood. The Journal of Nutrition, 110(4), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/110.4.662 .

236 Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211 .

237 Błach, J., Nowacki, W., Mazur A., et al. (2007). Magnesium in skin allergy. Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine, 61, 548-554. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928798/ .

238 Bornhöft, G., Wolf, U., von Ammon, K., Righetti, M., Maxion-Bergemann, S., Baumgartner, S., Thurneysen, A. E., & Matthiessen, P. F. (2006). Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of homeopathy in general practice — Summarized health technology assessment. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006), 13 Suppl 2, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093586 .

239 Yu, S., Peng, W., Qiu, F., & Zhang, G. (2022). Research progress of astragaloside IV in the treatment of atopic diseases. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 156, 113989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113989 .

240 Qi, Y., Gao, F., Hou, L., & Wan, C. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory activities of astragalosides. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 45(6), 1157—1167. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X1750063X .

241 Esmaeil, N., Anaraki, S. B., Gharagozloo, M., & Moayedi, B. (2017). Silymarin impacts on immune system as an immunomodulator: One key for many locks. International Immunopharmacology, 50, 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.030 .

242 Matsui, E. C., & Matsui, W. (2009). Higher serum folate levels are associated with a lower risk of atopy and wheeze. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 123(6), 1253-9.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.007 .

243 Chesini, D., & Caminati, M. (2022). Vitamin B12 and atopic dermatitis: Any therapeutic relevance for oral supplementation? Journal of Dietary Supplements, 19(2), 238—242. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1860180 .

244 Real Food RN. What are cell salts and how are they used? https://realfoodrn.com/what-are-cell-salts-how-are-they-used/ .

245 Schnedl, W. J., Schenk, M., Lackner, S., Enko, D., Mangge, H., & Forster, F. (2019). Diamine oxidase supplementation improves symptoms in patients with histamine intolerance. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(6), 1779-1784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00627-3.

246 Afrin, P. (2023, March 31). 5 best holistic treatments for MCAS (mast cell activation syndrome) [Video]. Dr. Paul Afrin (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q6_2wDX1i8 .

247 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12). Mold is a major trigger of mast cell activation syndrome. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2018/03/12/mold-is-a-major-trigger-of-mast-activation-cell-syndrome/ .

248 G., M. (2023, December 13). Should I use a DAO supplement? (diamine oxidase). Low Histamine Eats. https://lowhistamineeats.com/dao-supplement/ .

249 Grinshpun, S. A., Mainelis, G., Trunov, M., Adhikari, A. Reponen, T., & Willeke, K. (2005). Evaluation of ionic air purifiers for reducing aerosol exposure in confined indoor spaces. https://weinproducts.com/news/entry/evaluation-of-ionic-air-purifiers-for-reducing-aerosol-exposure-in-confined-indoor-spaces .

250 Kim, K. H., Szulejko, J. E., Kumar, P., Kwon, E. E., Adelodun, A. A., & Reddy, P. A. K. (2017). Air ionization as a control technology for off-gas emissions of volatile organic compounds. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 225, 729-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.026 .

251 Walker, A. (2017, November 17). Checklist for the newly diagnosed: 20 tips for MCAS. Mast Cells United. https://mastcellsunited.com/2017/11/17/checklist-for-the-newly-diagnosed-20-tips-for-mcas/ .

252 Oğuz, O., Manole, F., Bayar Muluk, N., & Cingi, C. (2023). Facial mask for prevention of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Frontiers in Allergy, 4, 1265394. https://doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2023.1265394 .

253 Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070 .

254 Veritasnaut. (2019, June 15). Medium. https://medium.com/@veritasnaut/sunglasses-are-killing-you-dbadb93f935d .

255 Vital Veda. (2020, December 22). Why wearing sunglasses is not healthy. https://vitalveda.com.au/learn/emotional-health/sunglasses/ .

256 Friedman, D.I., & De Ver Dye, T. (2009), Migraine and the environment. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 49, 941-952. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01443.x .

257 Main, A., Dowson, A., & Gross, M. (1997), Photophobia and phonophobia in migraineurs between attacks. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 37, 492-495. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1997.3708492.x .

258 Helmut. (2022, March 19). My favorite earplugs for noise sensitivity and sensory overload. NoisyWorld. https://noisyworld.org/earplugs-for-noise-sensitivity-sensory-overload/.

259 Duyan, M., & Vural, N. (2022). The utilization of activated charcoal in the management of anaphylaxis: A case series. Cureus, 14(11), e31949. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31949 .

260 Błach, J., Nowacki, W., Mazur A., et al. (2007). Magnesium in skin allergy. Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine, 61, 548-554.

261 Souza, A. C. R., Vasconcelos, A. R., Dias, D. D., Komoni, G., & Name, J. J. (2023). The integral role of magnesium in muscle integrity and aging: A comprehensive review. Nutrients, 15(24), 5127. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245127 .

262 Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Lin, W., & Zhang, S. (2021). Magnesium promotes the regeneration of the peripheral nerve. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 717854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.717854 .

263 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12). Mold is a Major Trigger of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. Dr. Jill. https://www.jillcarnahan.com/2018/03/12/mold-is-a-major-trigger-of-mast-activation-cell-syndrome/ .

264 Carnahan, J. (2018, March 12).

265 Johnston, C. S., Martin, L. J., & Cai, X. (1992). Antihistamine effect of supplemental ascorbic acid and neutrophil chemotaxis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 11(2), 172—176.

266 Johnston, C. S., Martin, L. J., & Cai, X. (1992).

267 Clemetson, C. A. (1980). Histamine and ascorbic acid in human blood. The Journal of Nutrition, 110(4), 662—668. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/110.4.662 .

268 Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211 .

269 Li, Q., Tang, X., Huang, L., Wang, T., Huang, Y., & Jiang, S. (2024). Anti-allergic effect of vitamin C through inhibiting degranulation and regulating TH 1/TH 2 cell polarization. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 10.1002/jsfa.13419. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13419.

270 Roschek, B., Jr, Fink, R. C., McMichael, M., & Alberte, R. S. (2009). Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis. Phytotherapy research: PTR, 23(7), 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2763 .

271 Abenavoli, L., Izzo, A. A., Milić, N., Cicala, C., Santini, A., & Capasso, R. (2018). Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): A concise overview on its chemistry, pharmacological, and nutraceutical uses in liver diseases. Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 32(11), 2202-2213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6171 .

272 Huskisson, E., Maggini, S., & Ruf, M. (2007). The role of vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism and well-being. The Journal of International Medical Research, 35(3), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/147323000703500301 .

273 Garland, E. M., Gamboa, A., Nwazue, V. C., Celedonio, J. E., Paranjape, S. Y., Black, B. K., Okamoto, L. E., Shibao, C. A., Biaggioni, I., Robertson, D., Diedrich, A., Dupont, W. D., & Raj, S. R. (2021). Effect of high dietary sodium intake in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 77(17), 2174-2184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.005 .

274 For myself and many of my friends who have Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, as well as among many of the people in many of the social media groups about Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, there is agreement that eating high-fat-containing foods soon after being exposed to a trigger will reduce the severity of the reaction. It is well known that most toxins are fat-soluble, so the prevailing conjecture is that the fat in the digestive system binds the offending toxins so that they can be flushed from the system. I have not found a study to describe the actual mechanism at play, but for whatever reason, when I have been triggered by a chemical, I do feel much better after having eaten something containing fat.

275 ScienceDaily. (2018, April 25). Drinking baking soda could be an inexpensive, safe way to combat autoimmune disease. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180425093745.htm.

276 Chai, S. C., Davis, K., Zhang, Z., Zha, L., & Kirschner, K. F. (2019). Effects of tart cherry juice on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in older adults. Nutrients, 11(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020228 .

277 Bøhn, S. K., Myhrstad, M. C. W., Thoresen, M., Erlund, I., Vasstrand, A. K., Marciuch, A., Carlsen, M. H., Bastani, N. E., Engedal, K., Flekkøy, K. M., & Blomhoff, R. (2021). Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment -a randomized clinical trial. BMC nutrition, 7(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00482-8 .

278 Martins, N. C., Dorneles, G. P., Blembeel, A. S., Marinho, J. P., Proença, I. C. T., da Cunha Goulart, M. J. V., Moller, G. B., Marques, E. P., Pochmann, D., Salvador, M., Elsner, V., Peres, A., Dani, C., & Ribeiro, J. L. (2020). Effects of grape juice consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in male volleyball players: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102570 .

279 Salehi, B., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P. V. T., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Resveratrol: A double-edged sword in health benefits. Biomedicines, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6030091 .

280 Abed, H., Ball, P. A., & Wang, L. X. (2012). Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A brief review. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC, 9(1), 61—67. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1263.2012.00061 .

281 Lopresti, A. L. (2020). The effects of psychological and environmental stress on micronutrient concentrations in the body: A review of the evidence. Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 11(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz082 .

282 Alka Seltzer Gold essentially contains baking soda, which was discussed above, and potassium bicarbonate and citric acid. Some people report getting better results from this product than baking soda alone for diminishing allergy reactions.

283 Laurino, C., & Palmieri, B. (2015). Zeolite: "The magic stone"; Main nutritional, environmental, experimental and clinical fields of application. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 32(2), 573-581. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.2.8914 .

284 Kraljević Pavelić, S., Simović Medica, J., Gumbarević, D., Filošević, A., Pržulj, N., & Pavelić, K. (2018). Critical review on zeolite clinoptilolite safety and medical applications in vivo. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 1350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01350 .

285 Coseva. The safest, most effective method of toxin removal : Advanced TRS user guide. ttps://www.thrivedirecthealthcare.com/uploads/1/0/7/7/107723313/coseva_atrs_product_guide.pdf .

286 Pu, S. Y., Huang, Y. L., Pu, C. M., Kang, Y. N., Hoang, K. D., Chen, K. H., & Chen, C. (2023). Effects of oral collagen for skin anti-aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 15(9), 2080. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092080 .

287 Butterfield, J. H., & Weiler, C. R. (2008). Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D(2) production. International Archives Of Allergy And Immunology, 147(4), 338-343. https://doi.org/10.1159/000144042

288 Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Lin, W., & Zhang, S. (2021). Magnesium promotes the regeneration of the peripheral nerve. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 717854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.717854 .

289 Venkat, S. R. (2022, October 4). What is dysmetria? WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-s-dysmetria .

290 Yan, J., & Dussor, G. (2014). Ion channels and Migraine. Headache, 54(4), 619-639. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12323 .

291 Hauser, R. (2023, April 10). Essential tremor coming from the neck? The connection to cervical dysstructure [Video]. Caring Medical and Hauser Neck Center (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbSr2ORGXkg .

292 Pan, M. K., & Kuo, S. H. (2022). Essential tremor: Clinical perspectives and pathophysiology. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 435, 120198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2022.120198 .

293 Pan, M. K., & Kuo, S. H. (2022).

294 Manorenj, S., Shravani, C., & Jawalker, S. (2019). Clinical characteristics of essential tremor in South India: A hospital-based cohort study. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 10(2), 245-249. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_348_18 .

295 Hauser, R. (2023, April 10).

296 Pan, M. K., & Kuo, S. H. (2022).

297 Hauser, R. (2023, April 10).

298 Amlang, C. J., Diaz, D. T., & Louis, E. D. (2020, March 24). Essential tremor as a “waste basket” diagnosis: Diagnosing essential tremor remains a challenge. Front. Neurol, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00172 .

299 Hamonet, C., Ducret, L., Marié-Tanay, C., & Brock, I. (2016). Dystonia in the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type). SOJ Neurol 3(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.15226/2374-6858/3/1/00123 .

300 Wang, T. J., Stecco, A., & Dashtipour, K. (2021). the effect of low dose onabotulinumtoxina on cervical dystonia in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.), 11, 42. https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.647 .

301 Hamonet, C., Schatz, P. M., Bezire, P., Ducret, L., Brissot, & R. (2018). Cognitive and psychopathological aspects of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome — Experience in a specialized medical consultation. Research Advances in Brain Disorders and Therapy. DOI: 10.29011/ RABDT-104. 100004. https://www.gavinpublishers.com/assets/articles_pdf/1525934180article_pdf97661175.pdf .

302 Hauser, R., Woldin, B., Evans, B., Hutcheson, B., Matias, D., & Rawlings, B. (2021). Intermittent cerebral ischemia as a cause of dystonic storms in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with upper cervical instability, and prolotherapy as a successful treatment: 4 case series. Open Journal of Clinical & Medical Case Reports, 7(7).

303 Shakkottai, V. G. (2014). Physiologic changes associated with cerebellar dystonia. Cerebellum (London, England), 13(5), 637-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-014-0572-5 .

304 Cloud, L. J., & Jinnah, H. A. (2010). Treatment strategies for dystonia. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 11(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656560903426171 .

305 Hamonet C, Schatz PM, Bezire P, Ducret L, & Brissot R (2018) Cognitive and psychopathological aspects of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - Experience in a specialized medical consultation. Research Advances in Brain Disorders and Therapy. RABDT-104. https://doi.org/10.29011/ RABDT-104. 100004 .

306 Hamonet, C., Schatz, P. M., Bezire, P., Ducret, L., & Brissot, R. (2018). Cognitive and psychopathological aspects of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome — Experience in a specialized medical consultation. Res Adv Brain Disord Ther: RABDT-104. DOI: 10.29011/ RABDT-104. 100004 .

307 Singhal, A. B., Maas, M. B., Goldstein, J. N., Mills, B. B., Chen, D. W., Ayata, C., Kacmarek, R. M., & Topcuoglu, M. A. (2017). High-flow oxygen therapy for treatment of acute migraine: A randomized crossover trial. Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache, 37(8), 730-736. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102416651453 .

308 Bennett, M. H., French, C., Schnabel, A., Wasiak, J., Kranke, P., & Weibel, S. (2015). Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment and prevention of migraine and cluster headache. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(12), CD005219. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005219.pub3 .

309 Thwaites, P.A., Gibson, P.R., Burgell, R.E. (2022, September). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: What the gastroenterologist needs to know. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 37(9), 1693-1709. https://doi:.org/10.1111/jgh.15927 .

310 Mila, E. ((2022, January 23). The ultimate list of coconut derivatives in skincare. Sensitive Skin Oasis. https://sensitiveskinoasis.com/coconut-derivatives-in-skin-care/ .

311 This is a common topic of conversation in social media groups. Every time it is brought up, at least one person replies that all of their symptoms were alleviated by switching to a certain diet, but many different diets have been credited, with no discernible pattern emerging.

312 Kong, W., Xie, Y., Zhong, J., & Cao, C. (2022). Ultra-processed foods and allergic symptoms among children and adults in the United States: A population-based analysis of NHANES 2005-2006. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1038141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038141 .

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440 Although I cannot currently find the original source for this statement, I do remember that it has been confirmed numerous times in social media group conversations.

441 Nguyen, C,T., & Basso, M. (2022, October 24). Epley maneuver. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563287/ .

442 Cunningham, S. (2023, December 6). The power of peppermint. UC Health. https://www.uchealth.org/today/the-power-of-peppermint/ .

443 Mysels, D. J., & Sullivan, M. A. (2010). The relationship between opioid and sugar intake: Review of evidence and clinical applications. Journal of Opioid Management, 6(6), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.2010.0043 .

444 Lepperdinger, U., Zschocke, J., & Kapferer-Seebacher, I. (2021). Oral manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 187(4), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31941 .

445 Marsh, P. D. (2006). Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community — implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health, 6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-S1-S14 .

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447 Wang, C., Wang, L., Wang, X., & Cao, Z. (2022). Beneficial effects of melatonin on periodontitis management: Far more than oral cavity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 14541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314541 .

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449 Nagel, R. (2011).

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463 Tinkle, B., Castori, M., Berglund, B., Cohen, H., Grahame, R., Kazkaz, H., & Levy, H. (2017). Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type III and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type): Clinical description and natural history. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 175(1), 48-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31538 .

464 International Association of Facial Growth Guidance. Orthotropics evidence. https://orthotropics.com/ .

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533 Hauser, R. & Steilen-Matias, D. R. Brachioradial pruritus — Neuropathic itch. Caring Medical Florida. https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/brachioradial-pruritis-neuropathic-itch-hysterical-itching/ .

534 Pinto, A. C., Wachholz, P. A., Masuda, P. Y., & Martelli, A. C. (2016). Clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic profile of patients with brachioradial pruritus in a reference service in dermatology. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 91(4), 549-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.201644767 .

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536 Pan, W., Peng, J., & Elmofty, D. (2021). Occipital neuralgia. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 25(9), 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-021-00972-1 .

537 Henssen, D. J. H. A., Derks, B., van Doorn, M., Verhoogt, N., Van Cappellen van Walsum, A. M., Staats, P., & Vissers, K. (2019). Vagus nerve stimulation for primary headache disorders: An anatomical review to explain a clinical phenomenon. Cephalalgia : An International Journal of Headache, 39(9), 1180-1194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102419833076 .

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539 Oaklander, A. L. (2011). Neuropathic itch. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine And Surgery, 30(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2011.04.006 .

540 Yu, M. & Wang, S. M. (2022, October 31). Anatomy, head and neck, occipital nerves. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542213/ .

541 Anavara Health and Wellness Facilitators. Axonotmesis. https://anavara.com/treatment/axonotmesis/

542 Chaney, B. & Nadi, M. (2023, September 4). Axonotmesis. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562304/ .

543 Precision Physical Therapy. (2024, April 30). To stretch or not to stretch?: Muscle vs. nerve pain, identifying the difference. https://www.precisionstl.com/blog/2021/4-30-nervepain.

544 Thomas, E., Bellafiore, M., Petrigna, L., Paoli, A., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2021). Peripheral nerve responses to muscle stretching: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 20(2), 258-267. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.258 .

545 Genetic Disease Investigators, LLC. (2016, January). Correcting the missing piece in chronic fatigue syndrome — Part 1. Discovery Genetic Disease Investigators. https://vagusnervesupport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Chronic-Disease-Digest-Text-Correcting-the-Missing-Piece-in-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome.pdf .

546 Cronkleton, E. (2023, August 23). 6 best supplements for neuropathy. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/neuropathy-supplements#b-vitamins .

547 Geller, M., Oliveira, L., Nigri, R., Mezitis, S. G. E., Ribeiro, M. G., de Souza da Fonseca, A., Guimarães, O. R., Kaufman. R., & Wajnsztajn, F. (2017). B vitamins for neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Vitamins and Minerals, 6(2). https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/b-vitamins-for-neuropathy-and-neuropathic-pain-2376-1318-1000161.php?aid=90896 .

548 Geller M, et al. (2017).

549 Ajmera, R. (2024, March 18). 15 foods high in folate (folic acid). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-high-in-folate-folic-acid#1.-Legumes .

550 Tohidi, V. How nerves heal after trauma. Orlando Health. https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/how-nerves-recover-after-trauma /

551 Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Lin, W., & Zhang, S. (2021). Magnesium promotes the regeneration of the peripheral nerve. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 717854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.717854 .

552 Forouzanfar, F. & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2018). Medicinal herbs in the treatment of neuropathic pain: A review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 21(4), 347-358. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2018.24026.6021 .

553 Modern Neuropathy. (2019, April 18). 6 powerhouse herbs for nerve damage regeneration. https://modernneuropathy.com/6-powerhouse-herbs-for-nerve-damage/ .

554 Jeon, Y., Kim, C.-E., Jung, D., Kwak, K., Park, S., Lim, D., Kim, S., Baek, W. (2013). Curcumin could prevent the development of chronic neuropathic pain in rats with peripheral nerve injury. Current Therapeutic Research, 74, 1-4. ISSN 0011-393X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2012.10.001 .

555 Jeon, Y., Kim, C.-E., Jung, D., Kwak, K., Park, S., Lim, D., Kim, S., Baek, W. (2013).

556 Babu A, et al. (2014). Effect of curcumin in mice model of vincristine-induced neuropathy. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13880209.2014.943247 .

557 Cameron, N. E., Cotter, M. A., Dines, K. C., Robertson, S., & Cox, D. (1993). The effects of evening primrose oil on nerve function and capillarization in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Modulation by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen. British Journal of Pharmacology, 109(4), 972-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13716.x .

558 Ramli, D., Aziz, I. Mohamad, M., Abdulahi, D., & Sanusi, J. (2017, May 23). The changes in rats with sciatic nerve crush injury supplemented with evening primrose oil: Behavioural, morphologic, and morphometric analysis. Hindawi. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3476407 .

559 Precision Physical Therapy. (2024, April 30). To stretch or not to stretch?: Muscle vs. nerve -pain, identifying the difference. https://www.precisionstl.com/blog/2021/4-30-nervepain .

560 Oaklander, A. L. (2011). Neuropathic itch. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine And Surgery, 30(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2011.04.006 .

561 Cameron, N. E., Cotter, M. A., Dines, K. C., Robertson, S., & Cox, D. (1993). The effects of evening primrose oil on nerve function and capillarization in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Modulation by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen. British Journal of Pharmacology, 109(4), 972-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13716.x .

562 Ramli, D., Aziz, I. Mohamad, M., Abdulahi, D., & Sanusi, J. (2017, May 23). The changes in rats with sciatic nerve crush injury supplemented with evening primrose oil: Behavioural, morphologic, and morphometric analysis. Hindawi. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3476407 .

563 Pavlov, V. A., Wang, H., Czura, C. J., Friedman, S. G., & Tracey, K. J. (2003). The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: A missing link in neuroimmunomodulation. Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 9(5-8), 125-134.

564 Genetic Disease Investigators, LLC. (2016, January). Correcting the missing piece in chronic fatigue syndrome — Part 1. Discovery Genetic Disease Investigators. https://vagusnervesupport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Chronic-Disease-Digest-Text-Correcting-the-Missing-Piece-in-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome.pdf .

565 Wang, Z. R., & Ni, G. X. (2021). Is it time to put traditional cold therapy in rehabilitation of soft-tissue injuries out to pasture? World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(17), 4116-4122. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4116 .

566 Nakano, J., Yamabayashi, C., Scott, A., & Reid, W. D. (2012). The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003 .

567 Salehi, B., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P. V. T., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018). Resveratrol: A double-edged sword in health benefits. Biomedicines, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6030091

568 Candelario-Jalil, E., de Oliveira, A.C.P., Gräf, S. et al. (2007). Resveratrol potently reduces prostaglandin E2production and free radical formation in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary rat microglia. J Neuroinflammation 4, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-4-25 .

569 Modern Neuropathy. (2019, April 18). 6 powerhouse herbs for nerve damage regeneration. https://modernneuropathy.com/6-powerhouse-herbs-for-nerve-damage/ .

570 Jeon, Y., Kim, C.-E., Jung, D., Kwak, K., Park, S., Lim, D., Kim, S., Baek, W. (2013). Curcumin could prevent the development of chronic neuropathic pain in rats with peripheral nerve injury. Current Therapeutic Research, 74, 1-4. ISSN 0011-393X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2012.10.001 .

571 Jeon, Y., Kim, C.-E., Jung, D., Kwak, K., Park, S., Lim, D., Kim, S., Baek, W. (2013).

572 Babu A, et al. (2014). Effect of curcumin in mice model of vincristine-induced neuropathy. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13880209.2014.943247 .

573 Chaney, B. & Nadi, M. (2023, September 4). Axonotmesis. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562304/ .

574 Grisold, W., & Carozzi, V. A. (2021). Toxicity in peripheral nerves: An overview. Toxics, 9(9), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090218 .

575 Standing Up to POTS. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Common POTS comorbidity. https://www.standinguptopots.org/EDS .

576 Nwazue, V. C., & Raj, S. R. (2013). Confounders of vasovagal syncope: Orthostatic hypotension. Cardiology Clinics, 31(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2012.09.003 .

577 Fu, Q., VanGundy, T. B., Shibata, S., Auchus, R. J., Williams, G. H., & Levine, B. D. (2010). Menstrual cycle affects renal-adrenal and hemodynamic responses during prolonged standing in the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), 56(1), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151787 .

578 Weitzel, L. (2019, July 9). Heads UP - Episode 22: POTS and migraine disease [Video]. National Headache Foundation (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf_3rD7BtR4 .

579 Olshansky, B., Cannom, D., Fedorowski, A., Stewart, J., Gibbons, C., Sutton, R., Shen, W. K., Muldowney, J., Chung, T. H., Feigofsky, S., Nayak, H., Calkins, H., & Benditt, D. G. (2020). Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A critical assessment. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(3), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.010 .

580 Szmuilowicz, E. D., Adler, G. K., Williams, J. S., Green, D. E., Yao, T. M., Hopkins, P. N., & Seely, E. W. (2006). Relationship between aldosterone and progesterone in the human menstrual cycle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91(10), 3981-3987. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1154 .

581 Fu, Q., VanGundy, T. B., Shibata, S., Auchus, R. J., Williams, G. H., & Levine, B. D. (2010). Menstrual cycle affects renal-adrenal and hemodynamic responses during prolonged standing in the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), 56(1), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151787 .

582 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during exercise. The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS, 69(4), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00669-6 .

583 Johns Hopkins Medicine. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-pots .

584 Fu, Q., VanGundy, T. B., Shibata, S., Auchus, R. J., Williams, G. H., & Levine, B. D. (2010).

585 Hall, J., Bourne, K. M., Sheldon, R. S., Vernino, S., Raj, V., Ng, J., Okamoto, L. E., Arnold, A. C., Bryarly, M., Phillips, L., Paranjape, S. Y., & Raj, S. R. (2021). A comparison of health-related quality of life in autonomic disorders: Postural tachycardia syndrome versus vasovagal syncope. Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 31(3), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-021-00781-x .

586 Nwazue, V. C. & Raj, S. R. (2013). Confounders of vasovagal syncope: Orthostatic hypotension. Cardiology Clinics, 31(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2012.09.003 .

587 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during exercise. The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS, 69(4), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00669-6 .

588 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

589 Standing Up To POTS. Managing POTS symptoms: Lifestyle modifications that can decrease symptom load. https://www.standinguptopots.org/livingwithpots/pots-tricks .

590 I noticed that cimbing stairs or hills was once of my worst triggers for POTS, especially if I was climbing the stairs while holding a full laundry basket. Going slowly, keeping my posture straight, and not carrying heavy things has solved the problem for me. I have seen other people comment about difficulty with stairs and hills, but I have not found an article that addresses this problem. There may be other triggers that you experience that are not addressed here, so pay attention to what brings your symptoms on, remembering that it can take up to 10 minutes for the symptoms to become noticeable.

591Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

592 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

593 Standing Up To POTS. Managing POTS symptoms: Lifestyle modifications that can decrease symptom load.

594 Johns Hopkins Medicine. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-pots

595 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

596 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

597 Tiwari, R., Kumar, R., Malik, S., Raj, T., & Kumar, P. (2021). Analysis of heart rate variability and implication of different factors on heart rate variability. Current Cardiology Reviews, 17(5), e160721189770. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854 .

598 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

599 Chaitow, L. & DeLany, J. (2011). Chapter 14 - The leg and foot. In Chaitow, L. & DeLany, J. (Eds.), Clinical Application of Neuromuscular Techniques, Volume 2 (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, 503-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-06815-7.00014-0 .

600 Herman, H. (2017, November 21). Knee hyperextension: It’s all in your mind! Ellie Herman Pilates. https://www.elliehermanpilates.com/ellies-blog/2017/11/20/how-to-help-hyperextension-its-all-in-your-mind .

601 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

602 Katayama, K., & Saito, M. (2019).

603 Abed, H., Ball, P. A., & Wang, L. X. (2012). Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A brief review. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC, 9(1), 61-67. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1263.2012.00061 .

604 Shepherd, J. T., Rusch, N. J., & Vanhoutte, P. M. (1983). Effect of cold on the blood vessel wall. General Pharmacology, 14(1), 61-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(83)90064-2.

605 Johns Hopkins Medicine. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-pots

606 Cleveland Clinic. (2022, June 9). Valsalva maneuver. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23209-valsalva-maneuver .

607 Foster, A. Hypermobility rib subluxation: A practical guide. The Fibro Guy. https://www.thefibroguy.com/blog/hypermobility-rib-subluxation/ .

608 Costochondritis.com. (2019, November 28). Costochondritis and Elhers-Danlos Syndrome. https://Costochondritis.com/Costochondritis-and-ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ .

609 Slipping Rib Syndrome.org. (2024). What are the symptoms of slipping rib syndrome? https://www.slippingribsyndrome.org/symptoms-of-srs .

610 Ayloo, A., Cvengros, T. & Marella, S. (2013). Evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain. Primary Care, 40(4), 863-viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2013.08.007 .

611 Hamilton, A. Slipping rib syndrome: A pain in the upper back. Sports Performance Bulletin. https://www.sportsperformancebulletin.com/injuries-health/endurance-injuries-and-health/slipping-rib-syndrome-a-pain-in-the-upper-back .

612 van den Hoorn, W., Bruijn, S. M., Meijer, O. G., Hodges, P. W., & van Dieën, J. H. (2012). Mechanical coupling between transverse plane pelvis and thorax rotations during gait is higher in people with low back pain. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(2), 342-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.024 .

613 Nakano, J., Yamabayashi, C., Scott, A., & Reid, W. D. (2012). The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003 .

614 Higuera, V. (2019, September 23). Heating pads for back pain: Benefits and best practices. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/heating-pad-for-back-pain .

615 Bervoets, D. C., Luijsterburg, P. A., Alessie, J. J., Buijs, M. J., & Verhagen, A. P. (2015). Massage therapy has short-term benefits for people with common musculoskeletal disorders compared to no treatment: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 61(3), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.05.018 .

616 English, N., & McLean, S. (2023, August 7). The 7 best serratus exercises for chiseled abs and shoulder stability. Bar Bend. https://barbend.com/serratus-exercises/ .

617 Staiger, C. (2012). Comfrey: A clinical overview. Phytotherapy Research : PTR, 26(10), 1441-1448. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4612 .

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619 Myers, A. Are swimming pools sabotaging your thyroid? Amy Myers MD. https://www.amymyersmd.com/article/swimming-pools-thyroid .

620 Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070 .

621 Edimo, C. O., Wajsberg, J. R., Wong, S., Nahmias, Z. P., & Riley, B. A. (2021). The dermatological aspects of hEDS in women. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 7(3), 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.01.020 .

622 Caporuscio, J. (2020, April 30). Can you use epson salts for acne? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epsom-salt-for-acne .

623 Edimo, C. O., Wajsberg, J. R., Wong, S., Nahmias, Z. P., & Riley, B. A. (2021).

624 Murad, H. Eat Your Watermelon! Howard Murad MD. https://drhowardmurad.com/eat-your-watermelon/ .

625 Broida, S. E., Sweeney, A. P., Gottschalk, M. B., & Wagner, E. R. (2021). Management of shoulder instability in hypermobility-type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques, 1(3), 155-164, ISSN 2666-6391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.03.002 .

626 Stanford Medecine. Scapular dyskinesis. https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/scapular-dyskinesis.html .

627 Wang, Z. R., & Ni, G. X. (2021). Is it time to put traditional cold therapy in rehabilitation of soft-tissue injuries out to pasture? World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(17), 4116-4122. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4116 .

628 Nakano, J., Yamabayashi, C., Scott, A., & Reid, W. D. (2012). The effect of heat applied with stretch to increase range of motion: A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(3), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.003 .

629 Although it is documented that hEDS causes weakness in mucous membranes, I actually was not able to find documentation of hEDS patients having more frequent or more severe sinusitis conditions. My family does not suffer from this problem, though I have known hypermobile people who have persistent, chronic sinus infections.

630 Cunningham, S. (2023, December 6). The power of peppermint. UC Health. https://www.uchealth.org/today/the-power-of-peppermint/ .

631 Laccourreye, O., Werner, A., Giroud, J.-P., Couloigner, V., Bonfils, P., & Bondon-Guitton, E. (2015). Benefits, limits and danger of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as nasal decongestants. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, 132(1), 31-34. ISSN 1879-7296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2014.11.001 .

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634 Panther, E. J., Reintgen, C. D., Cueto, R. J., Hao, K. A., Chim, H., & King, J. J. (2022). Thoracic outlet syndrome: A review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 31(11), e545-e561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.026 .

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636 Lim, C., Kavousi, Y., Lum, Y. W., & Christo, P. J. (2021). Evaluation and management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome with an overview of surgical approaches: A comprehensive review. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 3085-3095. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S282578 .

637 The TMJ Association. What is TMJ? https://tmj.org/living-with-tmj/basics/ .

638 Yap, A. U., Qiu, L. Y., Natu, V. P., & Wong, M. C. (2020). Functional, physical and psychosocial impact of temporomandibular Disorders in adolescents and young adults. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 25(2), e188–e194. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.23298 .

639 Diep, D., Fau, V., Wdowik, S., Bienvenu, B., Bénateau, H., & Veyssière, A. (2016). Dysfonction de l'appareil manducateur et syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos de type hypermobile : Etude cas-témoin [Temporomandibular disorders and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, hypermobility type: A case-control study]. Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et de Chirurgie Orale, 117(4), 228-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revsto.2016.07.009 .

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641 Tabrizi, R., Shourmaej, Y., Pourdanesh, F., Shafiei, S., & Moslemi, H. (2024). Does lifestyle modification (physical exercise and listening to music) improve symptoms in patients with a temporomandibular disorder? A randomized clinical trial. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 15(1), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_23_23 ,

642 Halverson, C. M. E., Cao, S., Perkins, S. M., & Francomano, C. A. (2003). Comorbidity, misdiagnoses, and the diagnostic odyssey in patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genetics in Medicine Open 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gimo.2023.100812 .

643 Fibromyalgia Care Society of America. What is fibromyalgia? https://www.fibro.org/what-is-fibromyalgia .

644 Fairweather, D., Bruno, K. A., Darakjian, A. A., Bruce, B. K., Gehin, J. M., Kotha, A., Jain, A., Peng, Z., Hodge, D. O., Rozen, T. D., Munipalli, B., Rivera, F. A., Malavet, P. A., & Knight, D. R. T. (2023). High overlap in patients diagnosed with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or Hypermobile Spectrum Disorders with fibromyalgia and 40 self-reported symptoms and comorbidities. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1096180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1096180 .

645 Eccles, J. A., Thompson, B., Themelis, K., Amato, M. L., Stocks, R., Pound, A., Jones, A. M., Cipinova, Z., Shah-Goodwin, L., Timeyin, J., Thompson, C. R., Batty, T., Harrison, N. A., Critchley, H. D., & Davies, K. A. (2021). Beyond bones: The relevance of variants of connective tissue (hypermobility) to fibromyalgia, ME/CFS and controversies surrounding diagnostic classification: an observational study. Clinical Medicine (London, England), 21(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0743 .

646 Action for ME. What is ME? https://www.actionforme.org.uk/get-information/what-is-me/what-does-me-feel-like/ .

647 Wells, D. (2023, May 26). Blood test for fibromyalgia: What you need to know. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/fibromyalgia/blood-test .

648 Bulbena, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Bulbena-Cabre, A., Pailhez, G., Critchley, H., Chopra, P., Mallorquı-Bague, N., Frank, C., & Porges, S. (2017). Psychiatric and psychological aspects in the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminar on Medical Genetics, 175C, 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31544 .

649 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9). Updates on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31955 .

650 Bulbena A, Baeza-Velasco C, Bulbena-Cabre A, Pailhez G, Critchley H, Chopra P, Mallorquı-Bague N, Frank C, Porges S. (2017).

651 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9).

652 Bulbena, A. (2022) Anxiety: A quick immersion. Tibidabo Publishing, Inc.

653 Bulbena, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Bulbena-Cabre, A., Pailhez, G., Critchley, H., Chopra, P., Mallorquı-Bague, N., Frank, C., & Porges, S. (2017).

654 Casanova, E. L., Baeza-Velasco, C., Buchanan, C. B., & Casanova, M. F. (2020). The Relationship between autism and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040260 .

655 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9).

656 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9).

657 Espiridion, E. D., Daniel, A., & Van Allen, J. R. (2018). recurrent depression and borderline personality disorder in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Cureus, 10(12), e3760. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3760 .

658 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9).

659 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Multiple sclerosis. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-sclerosis .

660 Vilisaar, J., Harikrishnan, S., Suri, M., & Constantinescu, C. S. (2008). Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and multiple sclerosis: A possible association. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 14(4), 567-570. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458507083187

661 Kidd, B. L., Moore, K., Walters, M. T., Smith, J. L., & Cawley, M. I. (1989). Immunohistological features of synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis: A comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 48(2), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.48.2.92 .

662 Smith, M. D. (2011). The normal synovium. The Open Rheumatology Journal, 5, 100-106. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874312901105010100 .

663 Arthritis Foundation. Rheumatoid arthritis: Causes, symptoms, treatments and more. https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/rheumatoid-arthritis .

664 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnosis, treatment, and steps to take. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rheumatoid-arthritis/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take .

665 Arthritis Foundation. Ankylosing spondylitis & nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/ankylosing-spondylitis .

666 Arthritis Foundation. Rheumatoid arthritis: Causes, symptoms, treatments and more.

667 Rheumatoid Arthritis Foundation. Rheumatoid arthritis FAQ. https://www.helpfightra.org/rheumatoid-arthritis-faqs/ .

668 Makol, A. K., Chakravorty, Heller, M. B., & Riley, B. (2021). The association between Hypermobility Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and other rheumatologic diseases. EMJ. https://doi.org/10.33590/emj/21-00078R2 .

669 Baeza-Velasco, C., Cohen, D., Hamonet, C., Vlamynck, E., Diaz, L., Cravero, C., Cappe, E., & Guinchat, V. (2018). Autism, joint hypermobility-related disorders and pain. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00656 .

670 Casanova, E. L., Baeza-Velasco, C., Buchanan, C. B., & Casanova, M. F. (2020). The relationship between autism and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040260

671 Bulbena-Cabré, A., Baeza-Velasco, C., Rosado-Figuerola, S., & Bulbena, A. (2021, November 9). Updates on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31955 .

672 Zhang, P., Omanska, A., Ander, B. P., Gandal, M. J., Stamova, B., & Schumann, C. M. (2023). Neuron-specific transcriptomic signatures indicate neuroinflammation and altered neuronal activity in ASD temporal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, e2206758120(120), 10. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2206758120 .

673 Moore J. W. (2016). What is the sense of agency and why does it matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01272 .

674 The Pulse. 5 surprising benefits of abhyanga. https://mapi.com/blogs/articles/5-surprising-benefits-of-abhyanga .

675 Basler, A. J. (2011). Pilot study investigating the effects of Ayurvedic Abhyanga massage on subjective stress experience. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, (New York, N.Y.), 17(5), 435-440. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0281 .

676 Cohen, G. L., & Shermal, D. K. (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. The Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 333-71. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115137 . https://ed.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/annurev-psych-psychology_of_change_final_e2.pdf.

677 Cohen, G. L. & Shermal, D. K. (2014).

678 Moore J. W. (2016). what is the sense of agency and why does it matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01272 .

679 Liu, L. Y., Chen, X. D., Wu, B. Y., & Jiang, Q. (2010). Influence of aloe polysaccharide on proliferation and hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline secretion of human fibroblasts in vitro. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 8(3), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.3736/jcim20100310 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20226148/ .

680 Chen, X. D., Wu, B. Y., Jiang, Q., Wang, S. B., Huang, L. Y., & Wang, Z. C. (2005). Influence of polysaccharide from aloe vera on the proliferation of the human epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Journal Of Burns, 21(6), 430-433.

681 Natsch, A. (2015). What makes us smell: The biochemistry of body odour and the design of new deodorant ingredients. Chimia, 69(7-8), 414-420. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2015.414 .

682 Baker, L. B. (2019). Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature (Austin, Tex.), 6(3), 211-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2019.1632145 .

683 Pineau, A., Fauconneau, B., Sappino, A.-P., Deloncle, R., & Guillard, O. (2014). If exposure to aluminium in antiperspirants presents health risks, its content should be reduced. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 28(2), 147-150, ISSN 0946-672X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.12.002 .

684 Meier, L., Stange, R., Michalsen, A., & Uehleke, B. (2012). Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne — Results of a prospective, observational pilot study. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006), 19(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1159/000338076 .

685 McDonald, B. C., et al. (2018). Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions. Science, 359,760-764. https://doil.org/10.1126/science.aaq0524 .

686 Persellin, K. (2023, July 25). What is fragrance? Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2023/07/what-fragrance .

687 United States Congress House Committee on Science and Technology. (1989). Neurotoxins, at home and the workplace: Report to the committee on science and technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. https://catalog.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10031231 .

688 Grisold, W., & Carozzi, V. A. (2021). Toxicity in peripheral nerves: An overview. Toxics, 9(9), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9090218 .

689 Ahn, C., & Jeung, E. B. (2023). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and disease endpoints. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6). 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065342 .

690 Ravichandran, J., Karthikeyan, B. S., Jost, J., & Samal, A. (2022). An atlas of fragrance chemicals in children's products. Science of The Total Environment, 818, 151682, ISSN 0048-9697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151682 .

691 Bagasra, O., Golkar, Z., Garcia, M., Rice, L. N., & Pace, D. G. (2013). Role of perfumes in pathogenesis of autism. Medical Hypotheses, 80(6), 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.03.014.

692 Bagasra, O., Golkar, Z., Garcia, M., Rice, L. N., & Pace, D. G. (2013).

693 Steinemann, A. (2016). Fragranced consumer products: Exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health, 9(8), 861-866. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-016-0442-z.

694 Pizzorno, L. (2015). Nothing boring about boron. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 14(4), 35-48.

695 Stüttgen, G., Siebel, T., & Aggerbeck, B. (1982). Absorption of boric acid through human skin depending on the type of vehicle. Archives of Dermatological Research, 272(1-2), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00510389 .

696 Matei, A. (2023, November 2). Thread carefully: Your gym clothes could be leaching toxic chemicals. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/2023/nov/02/workout-clothes-sweat-chemicals-cancer .

697 Chevalier, G., Sinatra, S. T., Oschman, J. L., Sokal, K., & Sokal, P. (2012). Earthing: Health implications of reconnecting the human body to the Earth's surface electrons. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 291541. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291541 .

698 Oschman, J. L., Chevalier, G., & Brown, R. (2015). The effects of grounding (earthing) on inflammation, the immune response, wound healing, and prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Journal of Inflammation Research, 8, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S69656 .

699 Sinatra, S. T., Sinatra, D. S., Sinatra, S. W., & Chevalier, G. (2023). Grounding - The universal anti-inflammatory remedy. Biomedical Journal, 46(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2022.12.002 .

700 Park, H. J., Jeong, W., Yu, H. J., Ye, M., Hong, Y., Kim, M., Kim, J. Y., & Shim, I. (2022). The effect of earthing mat on stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine changes in the rat. Biomedicines, 11(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010057 .

701 Chevalier, G., Sinatra, S. T., Oschman, J. L., Sokal, K., & Sokal, P. (2012). Earthing: Health implications of reconnecting the human body to the Earth's surface electrons. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012, 291541. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291541 .

702 Oschman, J. L., Chevalier, G., & Brown, R. (2015). The effects of grounding (earthing) on inflammation, the immune response, wound healing, and prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Journal of Inflammation Research, 8, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S69656 .

703 Tindle, H. A., Chang, Y. F., Kuller, L. H., Manson, J. E., Robinson, J. G., Rosal, M. C., Siegle, G. J., & Matthews, K. A. (2009). Optimism, cynical hostility, and incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation, 120(8), 656-662. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827642 .

704 Adorni, R., Zanatta, F., D'Addario, M., Atella, F., Costantino, E., Iaderosa, C., Petarle, G., & Steca, P. (2021). Health-related lifestyle profiles in healthy adults: Associations with sociodemographic indicators, dispositional optimism, and sense of coherence. Nutrients, 13(11), 3778. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113778 .

705 Adorni, R., Zanatta, F., D'Addario, M., Atella, F., Costantino, E., Iaderosa, C., Petarle, G., & Steca, P. (2021).

706 Anthony, E. G., Kritz-Silverstein, D., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2016). Optimism and mortality in older men and women: The Rancho Bernardo study. Journal of Aging Research, 5185104. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5185104 .

707 Association for Psychological Science. (2012, July 30). Grin and bear it: Smiling facilitates stress recovery. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120730150113.htm .

708 Yim, J. (2016). Therapeutic benefits of laughter in mental health: A theoretical review. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 239(3), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.239.243 .

709 Takayanagi, K. (2007). Laughter education and the psycho-physical effects: introduction of smile-sun method. Japan-Hospitals: The Journal of the Japan Hospital Association, (26), 31-35.

710 Neumann, I. D.. (2004, April). Oxytocin: The neuropeptide of love reveals some of its secrets. Elsevier, 5(4), 231-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2007.03.008 .

711 Ozerkan K. N. (2001). The effects of smiling or crying facial expressions on grip strength, measured with a hand dynamometer and the bi-digital O-ring test. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, 26(3), 171-186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11761446/ .

712 I do not know if this was the specific article my PT was referring to; there are many showing similar results: Brown, D. K., Barton, J. L., & Gladwell, V. F. (2013). Viewing nature scenes positively affects recovery of autonomic function following acute-mental stress. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(11), 5562-5569. https://doi.org/10.1021/es305019p .

713 Time. ‘Forest Bathing’ is great for your health: Here’s how to do it. https://time.com/5259602/japanese-forest-bathing/ .

714 Li, Q., Ochiai, H., Ochiai, T., Takayama, N., Kumeda, S., Miura, T., Aoyagi, Y., & Imai, M. (2022). Effects of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on serotonin in serum, depressive symptoms and subjective sleep quality in middle-aged males. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 27, 44. https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00136 .

715 Mao, G. X., Lan, X. G., Cao, Y. B., Chen, Z. M., He, Z. H., Lv, Y. D., Wang, Y. Z., Hu, X. L., Wang, G. F., & Yan, J. (2012). Effects of short-term forest bathing on human health in a broad-leaved evergreen forest in Zhejiang Province, China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES, 25(3), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.010 .

716 Tomasso, L. P., Yin, J., Cedeño Laurent, J. G., Chen, J. T., Catalano, P. J., & Spengler, J. D. (2021). The relationship between nature deprivation and individual wellbeing across urban gradients under COVID-19. International Journal Of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1511. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041511 .

717 Lindqvist, P. G., Epstein, E., Nielsen, K., Landin-Olsson, M., Ingvar, C., & Olsson, H. (2016). Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death: A competing risk analysis of the melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort. Journal of Internal Medicine, 280(4), 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12496 .

718 Eleanor, R. (2021). Sound and soundscape in restorative natural environments: A narrative literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.570563 .

719 Franco, L.S., Shanahan, D.F., & Fuller, R.A. (2017). A review of the benefits of nature experiences: More than meets the eye. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080864 .

720 Han, X., Liu, C., Chen, Y., & He, M. (2022). Myopia prediction: A systematic review. Eye (London, England), 36(5), 921-929. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01805-6 .

721 Rose, K. A., Morgan, I. G., Ip, J., Kifley, A., Huynh, S., Smith, W., & Mitchell, P. (2008a). Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology, 115(8), 1279-1285. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ .

722 Xiong, S., Sankaridurg, P., Naduvilath, T., Zang, J., Zou, H., Zhu, J., Lv, M., He, X. and Xu, X. (2017). Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Acta Opthalmologica, 95(6), 551-566. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5599950/ .

723 Williams, K. M., Bentham, G. C. G., & Young, I. S. (2017). Association between myopia, ultraviolet B radiation exposure, serum vitamin D concentrations, and genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways in a multicountry European study. JAMA Opthalmology, 135(1), 47-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27918775/ .

724 I have not been able to find this study during the process of writing this book, so you will have to trust my memory on this one.

725 Hunting, E. R., England, S. J., & Robert, D. (2021, July 15). Tree canopies influence ground level atmospheric electrical and biogeochemical variability. Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Section on Atmospheric Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.671870 .

726 Marsh, J. (2023, February 24). 4 phytoncides benefits: how trees improve our health. Environment. https://environment.co/phytoncides-benefits/ .

727 Shanahan, D., Bush, R., Gaston, K., et al. (2016). Health benefits from nature experiences depend on dose. Scientific Reports, 6, 28551. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28551 .

728 Jarvis, S. (2019, July 9). The health beefits of seawater. Patient. https://patient.info/news-and-features/the-health-benefits-of-seawater .

729 Marris, E. (2014, May 25). Let kids run wild in the woods. Slate. https://slate.com/technology/2014/05/kid-play-zones-in-parks-leave-no-trace-inhibits-fun-and-bonding-with-nature.html .

730 Finch, K. (2014). Nature play: Nurturing children and strengthening conservation through connections to the land. Pennsylvania Land Trust Association. https://library.weconservepa.org/guides/135-nature-play .

731 Null, M., Arbor, T. C., & Agarwal, M. (2023, March 6). Anatomy, lymphatic system. StatPearls. PMID: 30020619. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30020619/ .

732 Seattle Children’s. (2022, February). The three thumps. https://www.seattlechildrens.org/globalassets/documents/for-patients-and-families/pfe/pe2256.pdf .

733 Null, M., Arbor, T. C., & Agarwal, M. (2023, March 6).

734 Seattle Children’s. (2022, February).

735 This happened to a friend of mine.

736 Bornhöft, G., Wolf, U., von Ammon, K., Righetti, M., Maxion-Bergemann, S., Baumgartner, S., Thurneysen, A. E., & Matthiessen, P. F. (2006). Effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of homeopathy in general practice — Summarized health technology assessment. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006), 13 Suppl 2, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093586 .

737 LibreTexts. Lymphatic vessel structure. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/19:_Lymphatic_System/19.2:_Lymphatic_Vessels/19.2A:_Lymphatic_Vessel_Structure .

738 Yuan, S. L. K., Matsutani. L. A., & Marques, A. P. (2015). Effectiveness of different styles of massage therapy in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Manual Therapy, 20(2), 2015, 257-264. ISSN 1356-689X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2014.09.003 .

739 Bordoni, B., Mahabadi, N., & Varacallo, M. (2023, July 17). Anatomy, fascia. StatPearls. PMID: 29630284.

740 Wang, T. J., & Stecco, A. (2021). Fascial thickness and stiffness in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 187(4), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31948 .

741 Shem, K., Wong, J., & Dirlikov, B. (2020). Effective self-stretching of carpal ligament for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: A double-blinded randomized controlled study. Journal of Hand Therapy: Official Journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 33(3), 272-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2019.12.002 .

742 Tsai, S. R. & Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology, 170, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.014 .

743 Zhu, Q., Cao, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, Y., & Xue, L. (2023). Repeated low-level red-light therapy for controlling onset and progression of myopia-a review. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 20(10), 1363-1376. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.85746 .

744 Heiskanen, V., Pfiffner, M., & Partonen, T. (2020). Sunlight and health: Shifting the focus from vitamin D3 to photobiomodulation by red and near-infrared light. Ageing Research Reviews, 61, 101089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101089 .

745 Li, W. H., Seo, I., Kim, B., Fassih, A., Southall, M. D., & Parsa, R. (2021). Low-level red plus near infrared lights combination induces expressions of collagen and elastin in human skin in vitro. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 43(3), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12698 .

746 Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070 .

747 Meier, L., Stange, R., Michalsen, A., & Uehleke, B. (2012). Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne — Results of a prospective, observational pilot study. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006), 19(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1159/000338076 .

748 This is not the report that I distinctly remember reading some years ago, but like many others, it shows that prayer makes a difference: Byrd, R. C. (1988). Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population. Southern Medical Journal, 81(7), 826-829. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198807000-00005 .

749 Wachholtz, A. B., Malone, C. D., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). Effect of different meditation types on migraine headache medication use. Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.), 43(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2015.1024601 .

750 Koseki, T., Kakizaki, F., Hayashi, S., Nishida, N., & Itoh, M. (2019). Effect of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 31(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.31.63 .

751 Physiopedia. Forward Head Posture. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Forward_Head_Posture .

752 Alghadir, A. H., Zafar, H., & Iqbal, Z. A. (2015). Effect of tongue position on postural stability during quiet standing in healthy young males. Somatosensory & Motor Research, 32(3), 183-186. https://doi.org/10.3109/08990220.2015.1043120 .

753 Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(1), 109-119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/ .

754 Bass, E. (2012). Tendinopathy: Why the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis matters. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 5(1), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v5i1.153 .

755 Hargrove, T. (2010, January 17). Why slow movement builds coordination. Better Movement. https://www.bettermovement.org/blog/2010/why-practice-slow-movement .

756 Great Ape Grips. (2023, August 17). The history of the rice bucket workout: A tale of forearm and grip Strength Training. https://www.greatapegrips.com/blogs/news/the-history-of-the-rice-bucket-workout-a-tale-of-forearm-and-grip-strength-training .

757 VAHVA Fitness. (2018, February 4). Ancient Shaolin secret for powerful forearms. https://vahvafitness.com/shaolin-secret-forearms/ .

758 Zamil, D. H., Khan, R. M., Braun, T. L., & Nawas, Z. Y. (2022). Dermatological uses of rice products: Trend or true? Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 21(11), 6056-6060. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15099 .

759 Luo, Y., Chen, X., Qi, S., You, X., & Huang, X. (2018). Well-being and anticipation for future positive events: evidences from an fMRI study. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2199. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02199 .

760 Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical activity and sports-real health benefits: A review with insight into the public health of Sweden. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 7(5), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127 .

761 Ozerkan, K. N. (2001). The effects of smiling or crying facial expressions on grip strength, measured with a hand dynamometer and the bi-digital O-ring test. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, 26(3), 171-186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11761446/ .

762 Tindle, H. A., Chang, Y. F., Kuller, L. H., Manson, J. E., Robinson, J. G., Rosal, M. C., Siegle, G. J., & Matthews, K. A. (2009). Optimism, cynical hostility, and incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation, 120(8), 656-662. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827642 .

763 Lindqvist, P. G., Epstein, E., Nielsen, K., Landin-Olsson, M., Ingvar, C., & Olsson, H. (2016). Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death: A competing risk analysis of the melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort. Journal of Internal Medicine, 280(4), 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12496 .

764 Ozerkan, K. N. (2001). The effects of smiling or crying facial expressions on grip strength, measured with a hand dynamometer and the bi-digital O-ring test. Acupuncture & Electro-therapeutics research, 26(3), 171-186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11761446/ .

765 Westcott, W. L. (2012, July/August). Resistance training is medicine: Effects of Strength Training on health. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 11(4):p 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8 .

766 di Vico, R., Ardigò, L. P., Salernitano, G., Chamari, K., & Padulo, J. (2014). The acute effect of the tongue position in the mouth on knee isokinetic test performance: A highly surprising pilot study. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 3(4), 318-323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24596696/ .

767 Teach Me Anatomy. The Vagus Nerve (CN 10). https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/vagus-nerve-cn-x/ .

768 Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018). Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain-gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 44. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 .

769 Physiopedia. Sympathetic Nervous System. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Sympathetic_Nervous_System .

770 Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018).

771 Pavlov, V. A., Wang, H., Czura, C. J., Friedman, S. G., & Tracey, K. J. (2003). The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: A missing link in neuroimmunomodulation. Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 9(5-8), 125-134.

772 Tiwari, R., Kumar, R., Malik, S., Raj, T., & Kumar, P. (2021). Analysis of heart rate variability and implication of different factors on heart rate variability. Current Cardiology Reviews, 17(5), e160721189770. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X16999201231203854 .

773 Goren, E. (2023, December). Heart rate variability. Komodo. https://komodotec.com/what-is-hrv-heart-rate-variability/

774 Pavlov, V. A., Wang, H., Czura, C. J., Friedman, S. G., & Tracey, K. J. (2003).

775 Genetic Disease Investigators, LLC. (2016, January). Correcting the missing piece in chronic fatigue syndrome — Part 1. Discovery Genetic Disease Investigators. https://vagusnervesupport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Chronic-Disease-Digest-Text-Correcting-the-Missing-Piece-in-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome.pdf .

776 Cleveland Clinic. Valsalva maneuver. (2022, June 9). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/23209-valsalva-maneuver .

777 Jurvelin, H., Takala, T., Nissilä, J., Timonen, M., Rüger, M., Jokelainen, J., & Räsänen, P. (2014). Transcranial bright light treatment via the ear canals in seasonal affective disorder: A randomized, double-blind dose-response study. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 288. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0288-6.

778 Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018). vagus nerve as modulator of the brain-gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 44. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044

779 Khasar, S. G., Reichling, D. B., Green, P. G., Isenberg, W. M., & Levine, J. D. (2003). Fasting is a physiological stimulus of Vagus-mediated enhancement of nociception in the female rat. Neuroscience, 119(1), 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00136-2 .

780 Rominger, C., Weber, B., Aldrian, A., Berger, L., & Schwerdtfeger, A. R. (2021). Short-term fasting induced changes in HRV are associated with interoceptive accuracy: Evidence from two independent within-subjects studies. Physiology & Behavior, 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113558 .

781 Billot, M., Daycard, M., Wood, C., & Tchalla, A. (2019). Reiki therapy for pain, anxiety and quality of life. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 9(4), 434-438. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001775 .

782 Demir Doğan, M. (2018). The effect of Reiki on pain: A meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31, 384-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.02.020 .

783 Dyer, N. L., Baldwin, A. L., & Rand, W. L. (2019). A large-scale effectiveness trial of Reiki for physical and psychological health. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 25(12), 1156-1162. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2019.0022 .

784 McManus, D. E. (2017). Reiki is better than placebo and has broad potential as a complementary health therapy. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 22(4), 1051-1057. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587217728644 .

785 DiBenedetto, J. (2022). Experiences with a distant Reiki intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Science of Unitary Human Beings Framework. ANS. Advances in Nursing Science, 45(4), E145-E160. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000441 .

786 Özcan Yüce, U., Arpacı, A., Kütmeç Yılmaz, C., Yurtsever, D., Üstün Gökçe, E., Burkev, F. G., Yıldırım, G., Gökşin, İ., Ünal Aslan, K. S., Bektaş Akpınar, N., Altınbaş Akkaş, Ö., & Yurtsever, S. (2024). The effect of distant Reiki sessions on holistic well-being. Holistic Nursing Practice, 38(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000557 .

787 Demir, M., Can, G., Kelam, A., & Aydıner, A. (2015). Effects of distant Reiki on pain, anxiety and fatigue in oncology patients in Turkey: A pilot study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP, 16(12), 4859-4862. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4859 .

788 Seto, A., Kusaka, C., Nakazato, S., Huang, W. R., Sato, T., Hisamitsu, T., & Takeshige, C. (1992). Detection of extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength from human hand during external Qi emission. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, 17(2), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.3727/036012992816357819 .

789 Over the decade that I ran my holistic healing center, I had numerous men who were veterans or in the military come in to tell me that they had learned Reiki in the military. Some of them had impressive stories about the power of Reiki healing during their military career.

790 Argueta, D. A., Ventura, C. M., Kiven, S., Sagi, V., & Gupta, K. (2020). A balanced approach for cannabidiol use in chronic pain. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 561. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00561 .

791 Meng, H., Johnston, B., Englesakis, M., Moulin, D. E., & Bhatia, A. (2017). Selective cannabinoids for chronic neuropathic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 125(5), 1638-1652. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002110 .

792 Lynn, V. Dilution ratios for essential oils. https://www.vicki-lynn.com/dilution-ratio-oils.html .

793 Zhao, H., Ren, S., Yang, H., Tang, S., Guo, C., Liu, M., Tao, Q., Ming, T., & Xu, H. (2022). Peppermint essential oil: Its phytochemistry, biological activity, pharmacological effect and application. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy — Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 154, 113559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113559 .

794 Mei, N., Guo, L., Fu, P. P., Fuscoe, J. C., Luan, Y., & Chen, T. (2010). Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical reviews, 13(7-8), 509-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2010.509013 .

795 Błażowski, Ł., Majak, P., Kurzawa, R., Kuna, P., & Jerzyńska, J. (2021). A severity grading system of food-induced acute allergic reactions to avoid delay of epinephrine administration. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 127. 10.1016/j.anai.2021.04.015.

796 Gazit, Y., Jacob, G., & Grahame, R. (2016). Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobility Type: A much neglected multisystemic disorder. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 7(4), e0034. https://doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10261 .

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